Fungal Diversity Fig. 4 Anomalemma epochnii (from K(M):143936, syntype). a Gregarious ascomata on the host surface. b, c Bitunicate asci. Note the wide pseudoparaphyses. d Section of the apical peridium comprising thick-walled cells of textura angularis. e–h Fusoid to broadly fusoid ascospores. Scale bars: a=0.5 mm, b–h=20 μm
Fungal Diversity Literature: Berkeley and Broome 1866; Keissler 1922;Massee 1887; Saccardo 1878a; Sivanesan 1983. Type species Anomalemma epochnii (Berk. & Broome) Sivan., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 81: 328 (1983). (Fig. 4) ≡ Sphaeria epochnii Berk. & Broome, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., Ser. 3 18: 128 (1866). Ascomata 340–500 μm high×170–286 μm diam., gregarious on the intertwined hyphae, superficial, papillate, wall black, coriaceous, roughened (Fig. 4a). Peridium composed of two types of cells, outer layer 17–22 μm wide, composed of heavily pigmented thick-walled cells of textura angularis, cells up to 8×13 μm diam., cell wall 1–1.5 μm thick, inner layer 30–34 μm thick, composed of hyaline thin-walled cells (Fig. 4d). Hamathecium of dense, long cellular pseudoparaphyses, 2–4 μm broad, septate. Asci 75–108×9.5–12.5 μm (x ¼ 92:8 11:1mm, n=10), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, dehiscence not observed, cylindro-clavate to clavate, with a furcate pedicel up to 6–25 μm long, with a small ocular chamber best seen in immature asci (ca. 2μm wide×1 μm high) (Fig. 4b and c). Ascospores 20–25(−30)×5–7.5 μm (x ¼ 23:1 6:3mm, n=10), obliquely uniseriate and partially overlapping to biseriate, fusoid to narrowly fusoid with narrowly rounded ends, brown, 1-septate, rarely 2- to 3-septate, deeply constricted at the median septum, smooth (Fig. 4e, f, g and h). Anamorph: Exosporiella fungorum (Fr.) P. Karst. (Sivanesan 1983). = Epochnium fungorum Fr., Syst. mycol. 3: 449 (1832). Mycelium composed of branched, septate, pale brown hyphae. Stroma none. Conidiophores macronematous or semi-macronematous, mononematous, hyaline, smooth, branched towards the apex. Conidiogenous cells monoblastic, cylindrical or doliform. Conidia cylindrical or ellipsoidal, dry, 3-4-septate, smooth, hyaline or pale brown. Material examined: UK, England, Warleigh near Bath, on fungus on bark (Epochnium sp.), Mar. 1866, leg. Warbright? (K(M):143936, syntype, ex herb. C.E. Broome). Notes Morphology Sphaeria epochnii was first described and illustrated by Berkeley and Broome (1866) from Britain and the anamorphic stage is the hyphomycetous Epochniella fungorum. Sphaeria epochnii has subsequently been transferred to Melanomma (as M. epochnii (Berk. & Broome) Sacc.; Saccardo 1878a), Byssosphaeria (as B. epochnii (Berk. & Broome) Cooke; Massee 1887) andChaetosphaeria (as C. epochnii (Berk. & Broome) Keissl.; Keissler 1922). The deposition of Sphaeria epochnii in Chaetosphaeria is obviously unacceptable, as Chaetosphaeria has unitunicate asci. Melanomma has been reported having Aposphaeria or Pseudospiropes anamorphs, which differs from Exosporiella (Sivanesan 1983). In addition, the presence of well developed prosenchymatous stroma in Sphaeria epochnii can also readily distinguish it from Melanomma (Sivanesan 1983). The gregarious ascomata and formation of prosenchymatous stroma of Anomalemma resembles those of Cucurbitaria, but the pleosporaceous dictyosporous ascospores of Cucurbitaria readily distinguish it from Anomalemma epochnii. In addition, the pseudoparenchymatous peridium, fungicolous habitat and brown 1-septate ascospores, which later becoming 3-septate differ from any other pleosporalean genus. Thus a new genus, Anomalemma, was introduced to accommodate it (Sivanesan 1983). Anomalemma is presently monotypic. Phylogenetic study None. Concluding remarks Anomalemma epochnii certainly resembles Byssosphaeria in its ascomata clustering together in groups on closely intertwined hyphae and brown ascospores, and may well be included in this genus. Its fungicolous habitat, however, distinguishes it from Byssosphaeria. Appendispora K.D. Hyde, Sydowia 46: 29 (1994a). (?Didymellaceae) Generic description Habitat terrestrial, saprobic. Ascomata small, clustered, immersed, subglobose or irregularly pyriform. Peridium thin. Hamathecium of dense, long trabeculate pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, apical rounded with ocular chamber and faint ring, with short pedicels. Ascospores uniseriate to partially overlapping, fusoid, brown, 1-septate, slightly constricted at the septum. Anamorphs reported for genus: none. Literature: Hyde 1994a. Type species Appendispora frondicola K.D. Hyde, Sydowia 46: 30 (1994a). (Fig. 5) Ascomata 120–280 μm high×180–280 μm diam., clustered, immersed with minute ostioles visible through cracks or blackened dots on the host surface, subglobose or irregularly pyriform (Fig. 5a and b). Peridium 40 μm thick, comprising two types of cells; outer cells, small heavily pigmented thick-walled cells of textura angularis, innercells compressed, hyaline. Hamathecium of dense, very long trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, ca. 1μm broad, embedded in mucilage, hyaline, anastomosing (Fig. 5e). Asci 130–144×11–
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Fungal Diversity 1987b). Based on a
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