Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW
Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW
Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW
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Fungal Diversity<br />
Loculohypoxylon M.E. Barr, Mycotaxon 3: 326 (1976).<br />
(Teichosporaceae)<br />
Generic description<br />
Habitat terrestrial, saprobic. Ascomata relatively small,<br />
gregarious, immersed to erumpent, globose or subglobose,<br />
forming under a clypeus, papillate, ostiolate.<br />
Peridium thin, a single layer comprising hyaline thinwalled<br />
cells of textura angularis or textura prismatica.<br />
Hamathecium of septate pseudoparaphyses. Asci (2–4-)8-<br />
spored, bitunicate, cylindrical to cylindro-clavate, with a<br />
short, furcate pedicel, and wide ocular chamber. Ascospores<br />
broadly elliptic to subglobose, often apiculate at<br />
both ends, pale to dark brown, aseptate, with a germ<br />
slit.<br />
Anamorphs reported for genus: none.<br />
Literature: von Arx and Müller 1975; Barr 1976.<br />
Type species<br />
Loculohypoxylon grandineum (Berk. & Rav.) Barr, Mycotaxon<br />
3: 326 (1976). (Fig. 49)<br />
≡ Diatrype grandinea Berk. & Rav., in Berkeley,<br />
Grevillea 4: 95 (1876).<br />
Ascomata 85–130 μm high×75–145 μm diam., gregarious,<br />
immersed to widely erumpent, globose or subglobose,<br />
under a reddish brown to black clypeus, papillate,<br />
ostiolate (Fig. 49a and b). Peridium 18–30 μm thick<br />
laterally, 1-layered, composed of hyaline thin-walled cells<br />
of textura angularis to prismatica, cells up to 5×9 μm<br />
diam., cell wall 0.5–1 μm thick, apex cells smaller and<br />
walls thicker (Fig. 49c). Hamathecium comprising 2–3 μm<br />
broad, septate pseudoparaphyses. Asci 70–90×10–<br />
12.5 μm (x ¼ 76:5 10:9mm, n=10), (2–4-)8-spored,<br />
bitunicate, cylindrical to cylindro-clavate, with a short,<br />
furcate pedicel, up to 25 μm long, with a wide ocular chamber<br />
(Fig. 49f, g, and h). Ascospores 7.5–10×5–7 μm<br />
(x ¼ 8:3 5:9mm, n=10), uniseriate to partially overlapping<br />
at the upper part, broadly elliptic to subglobose, often<br />
apiculate at both ends, pale to dark brown, aseptate, with a<br />
germ slit (Fig. 49d and e).<br />
Anamorph: none reported.<br />
Material examined: USA, New Jersey, Newfield, on<br />
bark of Quercus coccinea, Sept. 1878, as Diatrype<br />
grandinea, Ellis N.A.F. 494 (NY, MASS); on Quercus<br />
sp. wood, Nov. 1893, as Anthostoma grandinea B. & Rav.,<br />
Ellis & Everhart, N.A.F. 494 (NY); Newfield, Oct. 1881,<br />
as Diatrype grandinea (NY); Newfield, Jan. 1882, on<br />
Quercus coccinea, asDiatrype grandinea B. & Rav, Ex<br />
Herb Ellis (NY); Newfield, Nov. 1893, as Anthostoma<br />
grandinea, on bark of fallen trunks of Quercus coccinea<br />
(NY).<br />
Notes<br />
Morphology<br />
Loculohypoxylon grandineum is one of the rare pleosporalean<br />
species having aseptate ascospores. When emphasis<br />
is given to ascospore morphology, Semidelitschia<br />
(monotypified by S. agasmatica Cain & Luck-Allen) is the<br />
most comparable genus. The large ascomata and ascospores,<br />
the mucilaginous sheath surrounding the ascospores<br />
as well as the coprophilous habitat of S. agasmatica differ<br />
from L. grandineum greatly. Thus Loculohypoxylon was<br />
introduced as a new genus.<br />
Phylogenetic study<br />
None.<br />
Concluding remarks<br />
Aseptate ascospores are rare in <strong>Pleosporales</strong>, and the<br />
position of this fungus needs further verification. The familial<br />
status of Loculohypoxylon in Teichosporaceae is questionable,<br />
as it is simply based on the similarity of living habitat, ascomata<br />
and asci with Immotthia and Teichospora (Barr 2002).<br />
Lophionema Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 717 (1883).<br />
(<strong>Pleosporales</strong>, genera incertae sedis)<br />
Generic description<br />
Habitat terrestrial, saprobic? Ascomata solitary, scattered or<br />
in small groups, immersed to erumpent, globose to subglobose,<br />
with a flattened base, wall black, papillate, ostiolate.<br />
Peridium comprising two types of cells which merge in the<br />
middle. Hamathecium of trabeculate pseudoparaphyses,<br />
septate, rarely anastomosing and branching. Asci 8-spored,<br />
bitunicate, fissitunicate unknown, clavate to cylindro-clavate,<br />
with a short and furcate pedicel and a small inconspicuous<br />
ocular chamber. Ascospores filliform, hyaline to pale yellow,<br />
multi-septate, slightly constricted at each septum.<br />
Anamorphs reported for genus: none.<br />
Literature: Barr1992b; ChestersandBell1970; Ellis and<br />
Everhart 1892; Höhnel 1909; Solheim 1949.<br />
Type species<br />
Lophionema vermisporum (Ellis) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini)<br />
2: 717 (1883). (Fig. 50)<br />
≡ Lophiostoma vermispora Ellis, Bull. Torrey bot. Club<br />
9: 19 (1882).<br />
Ascomata 320–430 μm high×280–350 μm diam.,<br />
solitary, scattered or in small groups of 2–3, immersed to<br />
erumpent, globose to subglobose, black, papillate, ostiolate.<br />
Papilla 80–120 μm high, up to 150 μm broad, cylindrical to<br />
somewhat vertically flattened neck; mostly with a short