Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

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Fungal Diversity Fig. 40 Karstenula rhodostoma (from PH 01048835, type). a Line of ascomata on host surface (after remove the decaying cover). Note the wide ostiolar opening and light colored region around the ostiole. b Immersed ascoma under the decaying cover (see arrow). c, d Section of the peridium. The peridium comprises small thick-walled cells in the outer layer. The outside comprises defuse hyphae which is probably part of the subiculum. e Ascus with a short furcate pedicel. f Partial ascus showing arrangement of ascospores. g–i Released ascospores. Note the transverse and rarely vertical septa. Scale bars: a, b=0.5 mm, c=50 μm, d–f=20 μm, g–i=10 μm
Fungal Diversity ascospores were brown with transverse septa and sparse longitudinal septa. The ascomata of this species are similar to those found in Byssosphaeria and Herpotrichia, especially in the paler area around the ostiole and even in peridial structure and development under a subiculum. The numerous wide cellular pseudoparaphyses and cylindrical asci (in Herpotrichia) are also similar. The main difference of Karstenula from other two genera are the 3-septate ascospores with rare longitudinal septa (1-septate in Byssosphaeria and Herpotrichia). Phylogenetic study Karstenula forms a robust phylogenetic clade with Phaeodothis winteri (Niessl) Aptroot, Didymocrea sadasivanii, Bimuria novae-zelandiae, Montagnula opulenta, Curreya pityophila (J.C. Schmidt & Kunze) Arx & E. Müll. and some species of Letendraea and Paraphaeosphaeria (Kodsueb et al. 2006a; Zhang et al. 2009a). Consequently, Karstenula might be included in Montagnulaceae. Concluding remarks The description of the type of Karstenula here clearly excludes it from Melanommataceae as it has wide pseudoparaphyses. But its Montagnulaceae status can only be confirmed by more phylogenetic work including sequencing the generic type of Karstenula (K. rhodostoma). Katumotoa Kaz. Tanaka & Y. Harada, Mycoscience 46: 313 (2005). (Lentitheciaceae) Generic description Habitat terrestrial or freshwater, saprobic. Ascomata smallto medium-sized, scattered or in small groups, immersed to erumpent, with a central protruding hairy papilla, subglobose. Peridium thin, comprising several layers of thinwalled compressed cells. Hamathecium of dense, cellular, filliform, embedded in mucilage, branching and anastomosing. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate with short furcate pedicels. Ascospores apiosporous and hyaline when young, becoming 2-septate with reddish brown echinate central cell at maturity, with long gelatinous terminal appendages. Anamorphs reported for genus: none. Literature: Tanaka and Harada 2005b; Tanaka et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2009a. Type species Katumotoa bambusicola Kaz. Tanaka & Y. Harada, Mycoscience 46: 313 (2005). (Fig. 41) Some information for the following description is from Tanaka and Harada (2005). Ascomata 240–330 μm high×260–420 μm diam., scattered or in small groups, immersed, becoming erumpent, with a slightly protruding papilla covered with brown hyphae, subglobose (Fig. 41a). Peridium 13–30 μm thick, composed of a few layers of lightly pigmented, depressed cells. Hamathecium of dense, long cellular pseudoparaphyses, 1.5–3 μm broad, embedded in mucilage, branching and anastomosing. Asci 110–160×17.5–24 μm (x ¼ 139 21mm, n=10), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindro-clavate withashortfurcatepedicelwhichisupto25μm long (Fig. 41b and d). Ascospores 39–50(−57)×7–10 μm (x ¼ 45:8 8:2mm, n=10), biseriate, fusoid to narrowly fusoid with acute ends, usually curved, apiosporus and hyaline when young, constricted at the primary septum, the upper cell longer and broader than the lower one, smooth, surrounded by a bipolar sheath which is up to 15 μm long, best seen in India ink, senescent ascospores yellowish brown, 2–4-septate (Fig. 41c). Anamorph: none reported. Material examined: JAPAN, Mt. Iwate, near Yakebashiri, Hirakasa, Nishine, Iwate, on culms of Oryza sativa L., 19 Oct. 2003, K. Tanaka (HHUF 28663, holotype). Notes Morphology Katumotoa was formally established by Tanaka and Harada (2005b) to accommodate the monotypic species, K. bambusicola, which is characterized by immersed ascomata with a thin peridium comprising thin-walled compressed cells, cellular pseudoparaphyses, cylindroclavate and fissitunicate asci and fusoid ascospores with an elongated bipolar mucilaginous sheath. Based on its immersed ascomata, psuedoparenchymatous peridium cells and cellular pseudoparaphyses, Katumotoa was assigned to Phaeosphaeriaceae (Tanaka and Harada 2005b; Tanaka et al. 2009), but this classification has been shown to be incorrect in subsequent phylogenetic studies (Tanaka et al. 2009; Zhangetal.2009a). Phylogenetic study Phylogenetic analysis based on five genes (LSU, SSU, RPB1, RPB2 and EF1) indicates that Katumotoa bambusicola resides in Lentitheciaceae, and this receives high bootstrap support (Zhang et al. 2009a). In particular, K. bambusicola forms a robust clade with Ophiosphaerella sasicola (Nagas. & Y. Otani) Shoemaker & C.E. Babc., which has filliform ascospores (Shoemaker and Babcock 1989b). Concluding remarks The hyaline, apiosporous ascospores which become 2–4-celled with central reddish brown cells and large
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Fungal Diversity DOI 10.1007/s13225
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Fungal Diversity Table 1 Major circ
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Fungal Diversity
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Fungal Diversity biocontrol agent o
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Fungal Diversity substrates and man
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Fungal Diversity 2. To investigate
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Fungal Diversity Table 3 (continued
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 2 Aigialus gr
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 3 Amniculicol
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Fungal Diversity Literature: Berkel
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Fungal Diversity Ascorhombispora L.
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 8 Astrosphaer
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Page 73 and 74: Fungal Diversity Fig. 33 Hadrospora
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 70 Ophiobolus
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Fungal Diversity Type species Ostro
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Fungal Diversity ium thin, composed
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 76 Platysporo
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 77 1 Pleomass
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 78 Pleophragm
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Fungal Diversity papillate, ostiola
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Fungal Diversity Williams 1963; Mal
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Fungal Diversity Generic descriptio
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Fungal Diversity composed of one ce
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 84 Saccharico
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Fungal Diversity and nearly black a
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Fungal Diversity dense, long trabec
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Fungal Diversity Anamorphs reported
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 94 Westerdyke
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 95 Wettsteini
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 96 Wilmia bra
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Fungal Diversity Current name: Astr
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Fungal Diversity spores are actuall
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 100 Sporormie
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 102 Kriegerie
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Fungal Diversity Phylogenetic study
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 104 Zeuctomor
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 105 Muroia ni
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Fungal Diversity pseudoparenchymato
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Fungal Diversity Eremodothis Arx, K
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Fungal Diversity Type species: Macr
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Fungal Diversity ascospores of Plat
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Fungal Diversity monoceras Alcorn n
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Fungal Diversity tomataceae, Melano
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Fungal Diversity 1987b). Based on a
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Fungal Diversity only do so under v
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Fungal Diversity Dennis RWG (1968)
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Fungal Diversity Kirk PM, Cannon PF
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Fungal Diversity Saccardo PA (1880)
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Fungal Diversity Winter G (1887) As
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Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

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