Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

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Fungal Diversity Paraphaeosphaeria O.E. Erikss., Ark. Bot., Ser. 2 6: 405 (1967). Type species: Paraphaeosphaeria michotii (Westend.) O.E. Erikss., Cryptogams of the Himalayas 6: 405 (1967). ≡ Sphaeria michotii Westend., Bull. Acad. R. Sci. Belg., Cl. Sci., sér. 2 7: 87 (1859). Paraphaeosphaeria was separated from Leptosphaeria (Eriksson 1967a), and it is also quite comparable with Phaeosphaeria. Paraphaeosphaeria can be distinguished from Phaeosphaeria by its ascospores. Ascospores of Paraphaeosphaeria michotii have two septa, and they are biseriate, straight, subcylindrical with broadly rounded ends, rather dark brown and punctate. The primary septum is laid down closer to the distal end than to the proximal, and the larger, proximal hemispore is divided by one transversal septum. There are more septa in the proximal hemispore of other species such as Par. castagnei (Durieu & Mont.) O.E. Erikss., Par. obtusispora (Speg.) O.E. Erikss. and Par. vectis (Berk. & Broome) Hedjar. Anamorphic characters can also distinguish Paraphaeosphaeria and Phaeosphaeria. Paraphaeosphaeria has Paraconiothyrium or Coniothyrium-related anamorphs, but Phaeosphaeria has Hendersonia-Phaeoseptoria anamorphs (Eriksson 1967a). Shoemaker and Babcock (1985) redescribed some Canadian and extralimital species, and excluded Par. longispora (Wegelin) Crivelli and Par. oblongata (Niessl) Crivelli from Paraphaeosphaeria based on their longitudinal septa as well as beak-like papilla and wall structures. Molecular phylogenetic results based on multigenes indicated that Paraphaeosphaeria should belong to Montagnulaceae (Zhang et al. 2009a; Plate 1). Passeriniella Berl., Icon. fung. (Abellini) 1: 51 (1890). Type species: Passeriniella dichroa (Pass.) Berl., Icon. fung. (Abellini) 1: 51 (1890). ≡ Leptosphaeria dichroa Pass. Passeriniella was introduced by Berlese in 1890 based on the black, ostiolate and papillate ascomata, 8-spored asci, as well as transverse septate ascospores, with pigmented central cells and hyaline terminal cells. Two species were included, i. e. P. dichroa and P. incarcerata (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Berl. (Berlese 1890). Subsequently, more species were introduced including some marine taxa such as P. mangrovei G.L. Maria &K.R.Sridhar,P. obiones (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) K.D. Hyde & Mouzouras and P. savoryellopsis K.D. Hyde & Mouzouras (Hyde and Mouzouras 1988; Maria and Sridhar 2002). Currently, eight species are included (http://www. mycobank.org, Jan. 2011). Both P. dichroa and P. incarcerata were considered as synonyms of Leptosphaeria obiones (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) Sacc. (Kohlmeyer and Kohlmeyer 1979). The familial placement of the marine species P. savoryellopsis could not be resolved in a DNA based phylogeny but it did suggest a close relationship to Acrocordiopsis patilii (Suetrong et al. 2009) in<strong>Pleosporales</strong>. Peridiothelia D. Hawksw., Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist., Bot. 14: 120 (1985). Type species: Peridiothelia fuliguncta (Norman) D. Hawksw., Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist., Bot. 14: 121 (1985). ≡ Microthelia fuliguncta Norman, Öfvers. kongl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Förhandl., Stockholm 41(no. 8): 36 (1884). When dealing with the names under Microthelia, Peridiothelia was introduced to accommodate species having nonclypeate peridium which composed cells of textura globulosa but sometimes angularis, “dark reddish brown except below the generative locule where the wall is poorly developed or almost absent at maturity, colour not changed significantly in potassium hydroxide, centrum turning blue in iodine” (Hawksworth 1985a). Three species were included, i. e. P. grandiuscula (Anzi) D. Hawksw., P. fuliguncta and P. oleae (Körb.) D. Hawksw., and Peridiothelia was referred to Phaeosphaeriaceae (Hawksworth 1985a, b). However, its familial placement is not confirmed yet. Phaeodothis Syd. & P. Syd., Annls mycol. 2: 166 (1904). Type species: Phaeodothis tricuspidis Syd. & P. Syd., Annls mycol. 2: 166 (1904). Phaeodothis is characterized by its 1-septate euseptate ascospores with a sparse hamathecium consisting of thin pseudoparaphyses and immersed to superficial ascomata (Aptroot 1995).Thegenushadbeenpreviouslyassignedto Didymosphaeria, butAptroot(1995) consideredittobeclosely related to Phaeosphaeriaceae. A strain named Phaeodothis winteri (a synonym of P. tricuspidis Syd. & P. Syd.) nested within the clade of Montagnulaceae (Schoch et al. 2009). Platychora Petr., Annls mycol. 23: 102 (1925). Type species: Platychora ulmi (Schleich.) Petr., Annls mycol. 23(1/2): 103 (1925). Platychora is characterized by immersed to erumpent crustlike ascostroma with globose locules scattered inside (Barr 1968). Asci are oblong to saccate or nearly cylindrical and bitunicate, and ascospores are hyaline 1-septate apiosporous and turn olivaceous when old. Platychora hadbeenpreviously assigned to Venturiaceae by Barr (1968), but molecular phylogenetic analysis indicated that a strain named Platychora ulmi (the generic type of Platychora) belongs to Didymellaceae (Winton et al. 2007; Plate 1). The generic type needs recollecting and epitypifying to stabilize the generic name. Platystomum Trevis., Bull. Soc. R. Bot. Belg. 16: 16 (1877). Type species: Platystomum compressum (Pers.) Trevis., Bull. Soc. R. Bot. Belg. 16: 16 (1877). ≡ Sphaeria compressa Pers., Syn. meth. fung. (Göttingen) 1: 56 (1801). Platystomum was introduced by Trevisan in 1877, and has been considered a synonym of Lophidium, as the
Fungal Diversity ascospores of Platystomum have both transverse and vertical septa (Barr 1990a, b; ChestersandBell1970). However, the boundary between Lophiostoma and Platystomum is not clear (Chesters and Bell 1970). Holm and Holm (1988) treated Platystomum as a synonym of Lophiostoma, and concurrently, the Platystomaceae should be treated as a synonym of Lophiostomataceae. Based on a phylogenetic analysis, however, the generic type of Platystomum (P. compressum) separated from other species of Lophiostoma, and nested with the clade of Platystomaceae (Mugambi and Huhndorf 2009b) which may be closely related to species in the Testiduniaceae (Plate 1). Polyplosphaeria Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hirayama, Stud. Mycol. 64: 192 (2009). Type species: Polyplosphaeria fusca Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hirayama, Stud. Mycol. 64: 193 (2009). Polyplosphaeria is characterized by globose ascomata surrounded by numerous brown hyphae and a reddish pigment on the host surface around the ascomata (Tanaka et al. 2009). Asci are cylindro-clavate with fissitunicate dehiscence and ascospores are narrowly fusoid surrounded by a sheath. The anamorph is Piricauda-like (Tanaka et al. 2009). The cylindro-clavate asci, narrowly fusoid ascospores as well as its thin and numerous pseudoparaphyses are comparable with those of Massarina sensu lato, especially Lentithecium (Zhang et al. 2009a). The terrestrial and bambusicolous habitat of Polyplosphaeria and Piricauda anamorph readily distinguishes the genus from Lentithecium. Pontoporeia Kohlm., Nova Hedwigia 6: 5 (1963). Type species: Pontoporeia biturbinata (Durieu & Mont.) Kohlm., Nova Hedwigia 6: 5 (1963) ≡ Sphaeria biturbinata Durieu & Mont., Flora Algéricae 1: 497 (1849). Pontoporeia was introduced by Kohlmeyer in 1963, and is monotypified by P. biturbinata. Pontoporeia was treated as a synonym of Zopfia (Malloch and Cain 1972), which is followed by Hawksworth and Booth (1974). Based on its asci originating at the periphery of the subglobose locus, filaments occupying the center of the ascocarps, the irregular peridial structure, the ascospores having 2-layered walls with a germ pore at each end and its marine habitat, Pontoporeia was kept as a separate genus within Pleosporaceae (Kohlmeyer and Kohlmeyer 1979). A DNA based phylogeny placed an isolate on a long branch in relationship with other marine species, Halotthia posidoniae and Mauritiana rhizophorae, but a familial placement awaits further resolution (Suetrong et al. 2009). Pseudotrichia Kirschst., Annls mycol. 37: 125 (1939). Type species: Pseudotrichia stromatophila Kirschst., Annls mycol. 37: 125 (1939). Pseudotrichia can be distinguished from Byssosphaeria, Herpotrichia and Lojkania by its lacking of subiculum, larger ascomata usually with compressed apices, the peripheral arrangement of asci and trabeculate pseudoparaphyses (Barr 1984). Phylogenetic study of strains Pseudotrichia mutabilis and some Herpotrichia species indicated that these species are closely related, and both nested within Melanommataceae (Mugambi and Huhndorf 2009b). But in this study, Pseudotrichia guatopoensis nested in the Testudinaceae (or Platystomaceae) (Plate 1). The types of both Herpotrichia and Pseudotrichia need recollecting, redescribing and epitypifying in order to stabiles the use of these generic names and clarify their familial status. Pseudoyuconia Lar.N. Vassiljeva, Nov. sist. Niz. Rast. 20: 71 (1983). Type species: Pseudoyuconia thalictri (G. Winter) Lar. N. Vassiljeva [as ‘thalicti’], Nov. sist. Niz. Rast. 20: 71 (1983). ≡ Leptosphaeria thalictri G. Winter, Hedwigia 10: 40 (1872). Pseudoyuconia was introduced by Vassiljeva (1983), and was monotypified by P. thalictri. Currently, Pseudoyuconia is included in Pleosporaceae (Lumbsch and Huhndorf 2010). Pyrenophora Fr., Summa veg. Scand., Section Post. (Stockholm): 397 (1849). Type species: Pyrenophora phaeocomes (Rebent.) Fr., Summa veg. Scand., Section Post. (Stockholm): 397 (1849). ≡ Sphaeria phaeocomes Rebent., Prodr. fl. neomarch. (Berolini): 338 (1804). Pyrenophora is characterized by immersed, erumpent to nearly superficial ascomata, indefinite pseudoparaphyses, clavate to saccate asci usually with a large apical ring, and muriform terete ascospores. Morphologically, the terete ascospores of Pyrenophora can be readily distinguished from Clathrospora and Platyspora. The indefinite pseudoparaphyses and smaller ascospores of Pyrenophora can be readily distinguished from those of Pleospora (Sivanesan 1984). Based on both morphology and molecular phylogeny, Pyrenophora is closely related to Pleosporaceae (Zhang et al. 2009a). Rechingeriella Petr., in Rechinger et al. Annln naturh. Mus. Wien 50: 465 (1940). Type species: Rechingeriella insignis Petr., Annln naturh. Mus. Wien, Ser. B, Bot. Zool. 50: 465 (1940). Rechingeriella is characterized by its erumpent to superficial, cleistothecioid ascomata and thin, branching pseudoparaphyses (Hawksworth and Booth 1974). Asci are
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Fungal Diversity DOI 10.1007/s13225
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Fungal Diversity Table 1 Major circ
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Fungal Diversity
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Fungal Diversity biocontrol agent o
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Fungal Diversity substrates and man
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Fungal Diversity 2. To investigate
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Fungal Diversity Table 3 (continued
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 2 Aigialus gr
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 3 Amniculicol
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Fungal Diversity Literature: Berkel
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Fungal Diversity Ascorhombispora L.
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 8 Astrosphaer
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 9 Asymmetrico
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Fungal Diversity Notes Morphology B
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Fungal Diversity Generic descriptio
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Fungal Diversity Anamorph: none rep
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 14 Bimuria no
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 15 Bricookea
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 16 Byssolophi
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Fungal Diversity Notes Morphology B
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Fungal Diversity the reaction of pe
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 21 Chaetomast
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 23 Cilioplea
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Fungal Diversity with one or two ve
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Fungal Diversity Moreau 1953; Munk
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Fungal Diversity Material examined:
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 28 Dothidotth
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 29 Dubitatio
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Fungal Diversity assigned Entodesmi
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Fungal Diversity fusoid to somewhat
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 33 Hadrospora
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 34 Halotthia
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Fungal Diversity Notes Morphology H
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Fungal Diversity some effused Hypox
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 38 Isthmospor
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 39 Kalmusia e
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Fungal Diversity ascospores were br
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Fungal Diversity furcate pedicel an
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Fungal Diversity Anamorph: none rep
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Fungal Diversity Material examined:
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 46 Lewia scro
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 47 Lichenopyr
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Fungal Diversity Loculohypoxylon M.
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Fungal Diversity cells small heavil
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Fungal Diversity upper place, septa
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Fungal Diversity
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Fungal Diversity (CBS 627.86) was i
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 54 Mamillisph
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 55 Massarina
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Fungal Diversity phaeria as a synon
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Fungal Diversity 5-8 μm diam., ind
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Fungal Diversity cell wall
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 60 Mixtura sa
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 61 Montagnula
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Fungal Diversity spored, bitunicate
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 64 Murispora
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Fungal Diversity Type species Neoph
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Fungal Diversity brown, 8-septate,
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 68 Ohleria mo
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 69 Ohleriella
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 70 Ophiobolus
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Fungal Diversity Type species Ostro
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Fungal Diversity
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Fungal Diversity (Shoemaker and Bab
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Fungal Diversity ium thin, composed
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 76 Platysporo
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 77 1 Pleomass
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Fungal Diversity Fig. 78 Pleophragm
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Page 185 and 186: Fungal Diversity Fig. 100 Sporormie
Page 189 and 190: Fungal Diversity Fig. 102 Kriegerie
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Page 211 and 212: Fungal Diversity 1987b). Based on a
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Page 219 and 220: Fungal Diversity Saccardo PA (1880)
Page 221: Fungal Diversity Winter G (1887) As
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Pleosporales - CBS - KNAW

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