Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 5th txtbk

436 The Social Cognitive Perspective on PersonalityAlbert Bandura and Social Cognitive Theory 437■ Evaluating the Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality 438439 The Trait Perspective on PersonalitySurface Traits and Source Traits 440 ■ Two RepresentativeTrait Theories: Raymond Cattell and Hans Eysenck 440■ Sixteen Are Too Many, Three Are Too Few: The Five-FactorModel 442 ■ Personality Traits and Behavioral Genetics: Justa Chip off the Old Block? 443 ■ Evaluating the TraitPerspective on Personality 445446 Assessing Personality: Psychological TestsProjective Tests: Like Seeing Things in the Clouds 446■ Self-Report Inventories: Does Anyone Have an Eraser? 449451 Closing Thoughts: Personality453 Chapter ReviewKey People and Terms 453462 Focus on NeuroscienceBrain Reward When Making EyeContact with Attractive People465 Culture and Human BehaviorExplaining Failure and Murder:Culture and Attributional Biases482 Critical ThinkingAbuse at Abu Ghraib: Why DoOrdinary People Commit Evil Acts?489 Enhancing Well-Being withPsychologyThe Persuasion GameCHAPTER 11Social Psychology457 PROLOGUE: The “Homeless” Man458 Introduction: What Is Social Psychology?458 Person Perception: Forming Impressionsof Other PeopleSocial Categorization: Using Mental Shortcuts in PersonPerception 460463 Attribution: Explaining BehaviorThe Self-Serving Bias: Using Explanations That Meet OurNeeds 465466 The Social Psychology of AttitudesThe Effect of Attitudes on Behavior 467 ■ The Effect ofBehavior on Attitudes: Fried Grasshoppers for Lunch?! 467469 Understanding PrejudiceFrom Stereotypes to Prejudice: In-Groups and Out-Groups470 ■ Overcoming Prejudice 472474 Conformity: Following the CrowdFactors Influencing Conformity 475 ■ Culture andConformity 476476 Obedience: Just Following OrdersMilgram’s Original Obedience Experiment 477 ■ The Resultsof Milgram’s Original Experiment 478 ■ Making Sense ofMilgram’s Findings: Multiple Influences 479 ■ ConditionsThat Undermine Obedience: Variations on a Theme 480■ Asch, Milgram, and the Real World: Implications of theClassic Social Influence Studies 481485 Helping Behavior: Coming to the Aid of StrangersFactors That Increase the Likelihood of Bystanders Helping486 ■ Factors That Decrease the Likelihood of BystandersHelping 487xv