Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 5th txtbk

Chapter Review313The Segway MexicoCity police use Segwaysto patrol city streets—and give directions. Policein dozens of citieshave adopted Dean Kamen’sinvention becauseit is so easy to maneuveron city streets, oncrowded sidewalks, inparks, and in other publicareas.6. Exert effort and expect setbacks.Flashes of insight or inspiration can play a role in creativity, butthey usually occur only after a great deal of work. Whetheryou’re trying to write a brilliant term paper or design the nextBeanie Baby, creativity requires effort and persistence.Finally, the creative process is typically filled with obstacles andsetbacks. The best-selling novelist Stephen King endured yearsof rejection of his manuscripts before his first book was published.Thomas Edison tried thousands of filaments before hecreated the first working lightbulb. In the face of obstacles andsetbacks, the creative person perseveres.To summarize our workshop on creativity, we’ll use the lettersof the word create as an acronym. Thus, the basic ingredients ofcreativity are:• Choose the goal of creativity.• Reinforce creative behavior.• Engage in problem finding.• Acquire relevant knowledge.• Try different approaches.• Exert effort and expect setbacks.CHAPTER REVIEW: KEY PEOPLE AND TERMSAlfred Binet, p. 293Howard Gardner, p. 299Charles Spearman, p. 298Claude Steele, p. 310Robert Sternberg, p. 301Lewis Terman, p. 294Louis L. Thurstone, p. 299David Wechsler, p. 296cognition, p. 277thinking, p. 277mental image, p. 277concept, p. 278formal concept, p. 279natural concept, p. 280prototype, p. 280exemplars, p. 280problem solving, p. 281trial and error, p. 281algorithm, p. 282heuristic, p. 282insight, p. 283intuition, p. 283functional fixedness, p. 284mental set, p. 284availability heuristic, p. 286representativeness heuristic,p. 286language, p. 287linguistic relativity hypothesis,p. 290animal cognition, p. 293intelligence, p. 293mental age, p. 294intelligence quotient (IQ),p. 294achievement test, p. 297aptitude test, p. 297standardization, p. 297normal curve (normaldistribution), p. 297reliability, p. 297validity, p. 298g factor (general intelligence),p. 299triarchic theory ofintelligence, p. 301autism, p. 302Asperger’s syndrome, p. 302mental retardation, p. 302heritability, p. 305stereotype threat, p. 310creativity, p. 312➞ Web Companion Review ActivitiesYou can find additional review activities atwww.worthpublishers.com/discoveringpsych5e. TheDiscovering Psychology 5th edition Web Companion hasself-scoring practice quizzes, flashcards, interactive crosswordpuzzles, and other activities to help you master the material inthis chapter.