Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 5th txtbk

social phobia, 540–541social psychologyof attitudes. See attitudesattractive people, making eyecontact with, 462attribution. See attributionconformity. See conformitydefined, 15, 458helping behavior. See helpingbehaviorobedience. See obedienceperson perception. See personperceptionpersuasion, 488, 489–490prejudice. See prejudicesense of self, 458social cognition, 458social influence, 458Social Readjustment RatingScale, 499social striving, 11social supportcoping, 520defined, 515emotional support, 517gender differences in, 516–517health benefits of, 515–516informational support, 517and 9/11 terrorist attack,516–517overview, 514–515providing effective, 517stress and, 514–517tangible support, 517sociopath, 557sodium channels, 48sodium ions, 47, 48sodium oxybate (Xyrem), 156somatic nervous system, 57somatosensory cortex,69, 70somnambulism, 157sound, path of hearing, 103sound waves, 102source amnesia, 251source confusion, 260source memory, 251source monitoring, 251source traits, 440spanking, effects of, 205spatial intelligence, 300speach, 73specialty areas in psychologybiological, 14clinical, 14cognitive, 14counseling, 14developmental, 14educational, 14experimental, 14forensic, 15health, 15industrial/organizational, 15military, 15overview, 14personality, 15rehabilitation, 15school, 15social, 15sports, 15specific phobia, 540spinal reflexes, 56split-brain operation, 76–77spontaneity, 341spontaneous recovery, 189spontaneous remission, 601sports psychology, 15SRED (sleep-related eatingdisorders), 158SSRIs (selective scratonin reuptakeinhibitors), 55, 612stage model of memory,232–233, 239stages of human sexual response,332–333standard deviation, A–6–A–7standardization, 297standard normal curve, A–8standard normal distribution,A–8Stanford-Binet IntelligenceScale, 294statistically significant findings, 18statisticscorrelation, A–8–A–11correlation coefficient,A–8, A–9defined, 18, A–2descriptive, A–2frequency distribution, A–3frequency polygon, A–4histogram, A–3inferential, A–12–A–13mean, A–5measure of central tendency,A–5–A–6measure of variability, A–6median, A–5mode, A–5negative correlation, A–9normal curve, A–7–A–8population, A–13positive correlation, A–9range, A–6sample, A–13scatter diagram, A–10scatter plot, A–10skewed distribution, A–4standard deviation, A–6–A–7standard normal curve, A–8standard normal distribution,A–8symmetrical distribution, A–4t-test, A–12Type I error, A–13Type II error, A–13z scores, A–7–A–8stem cells, 374stepping reflex, 376stereogram, 121stereotype lift, 310stereotypes, 470–472stereotype threat, 310–311, 470stimulant-induced psychosis, 173stimulantsadenosine, 171amphetamines, 172–174caffeine, 171–172cocaine, 172–174defined, 170methamphetamine (meth), 173nicotine, 171–172prescription drugs, 173stimulant-induced psychosis,173and stress, 523stimulus, defined, 4stimulus control therapy, 178stimulus discrimination,188, 189stimulus generalization, 188, 189stimulus threshold, 47stirrup, middle ear, 102storage, 232stressacculturative stress, 502, 503biopsychosocial model, 498catecholamines, 504, 505chronic negative emotions, 512coping with. See copingcorticosteroids, 506culture and, 501–502, 503daily hassles, 500–501defined, 497endocrine system and, 504–506exercise minimizing effectsof, 523explanatory style and, 510–511fight-or-flight response,504, 505general adaptation syndrome,505–506health psychology, 498immune system, 506–509individual factors that influencethe response to stress,509–513life events and change,499–500lymphocytes, 506minimizing effects of, 523–524and mood disorders, 551optimistic explanatory style,506, 510personal control and, 510pessimistic explanatorystyle, 510physical effects of, 502–509psychological factors thatinfluence the responseto stress, 509–514psychoneuroimmunology, 507relaxation technique, 524sleep and, 504, 523–524social factors, 514–517Social Readjustment RatingScale, 499social sources of, 501–502social support and, 514–517sources of, 499–502stimulants and, 523stressors, 499, 507–509Type A behavior pattern andhostility, 512–513The Stress of Life (Selye), 505stressors, 499, 507–509stroboscopic motion, 122strokes, 43–44, 79structuralism, 4–5structural plasticity, 62structure of personality, 422students as researchparticipants, 33studiesbrain-imaging, limitations in,34–35information about anddebriefing, 33scientific method, 18Studies on Hysteria (Breuer andFreud), 421study design and datacollection, 18sublimation, 424, 425subliminal perception, 90, 91substantia nigra, 67successful intelligence, 301success in life and high IQscores, 295sucking reflex, 376suggestion, 260suicide, 573–574sunlight and circadian rhythm,139–140superego, 423superiority complex, 431superstitious rituals, 210suppression, 252suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN),71, 138, 139surface traits, 440surveysdefined, 24, 25descriptive research methods,24–25National Health and Social Lifesurvey (NHSLS), 24–25SWS (slow-wave sleep), 142–143symbolic thought, 389symbols, 287symmetrical distribution, A–4sympathetic nervous system,58–59synapse, 49synaptic gap, 49synaptic transmission, 50synaptic vesicles, 50synchronized sleepers, 142syntax, 289systematic desensitization, 588,589–590talking, 144Talks to Teachers (James), 6tangible support, 517taste, absolute threshold and, 90taste aversions, 196–199taste buds, 108–109TAT (Thematic ApperceptionTest), 343, 447telecommuting, B–12telepathy, 116SI-14 Subject Index