Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 5th txtbk

CHAPTER10PersonalityThe Secret TwinPROLOGUETHE TWINS, KENNETH AND JULIAN, Kenneth wrote in one letter. Julian’s letterswere born a few years after the turn of were equally affectionate, but shorter andthe last century. At first, their parents,filled with misspelled words. Julian’s lettersGertrude and Henry, thought they were identical.Both had dark hair and deep brown ture. He repeatedly promised his mother, “Ialso revealed glimpses of his impulsive na-eyes. Many years later, Kenneth’s son, your will not go out in the boats alone again.”author Don, would inherit these qualities. Julian’s impulsive nature was to have aBut Gertrude and Henry quickly learned significant impact on his life. When he wasto tell the twins apart. Kenneth was slightly 12 years old, Julian darted in front of a carlarger than Julian, and, even as infants, and was seriously injured, sustaining a concussion.In retrospect, Kenneth believedtheir personalities were distinctly different.In the photographs of Kenneth and Julian that that was when Julian’s problemsas children, Julian smiles broadly, almost began. Perhaps it was, because not longmerrily, his head cocked slightly. Butafter the accident Julian got into seriousKenneth always looks straight at the camera,his expression thoughtful, serious, red-handed stealing money from the “poortrouble for the first time: He got caughtmore intense.box” at church.We don’t know much about Julian’sAlthough Kenneth claimed that Julian hadchildhood. Kenneth kept Julian’s existence always been the smarter twin, Julian fell behindin high school and graduated a yeara closely guarded secret for more than50 years. In fact, it was only a few years later than Kenneth. After high school,before his own death that KennethKenneth left the quiet farming community ofrevealed that he had once had a twin Grinnell, Iowa, and moved to Minneapolis.brother named Julian.He quickly became self-sufficient, takingStill, it’s possible to get glimpses of a job managing newspaper carriers. JulianJulian’s early life from the letters the boys stayed in Grinnell and became apprenticedto learn typesetting. Given Julian’swrote home from summer camp in 1919and 1920. Kenneth’s letters to his mother propensity for adventure, it’s not surprisingthat he found typesetting monoto-were affectionate and respectful, tellingher about their daily activities and reassuringher that he would look after his twin typesetting. He also decided to leave Iowanous. So in the spring of 1928, Julian quitbrother. “I reminded Julian about the and head east to look for more interestingboats and I will watch him good,”possibilities.>Chapter Outline• Prologue: The Secret Twin• Introduction: What Is Personality?• The Psychoanalytic Perspectiveon Personality• The Humanistic Perspective onPersonalityCRITICAL THINKING: Freud VersusRogers on Human Nature• The Social Cognitive Perspectiveon Personality• The Trait Perspectiveon PersonalityFOCUS ON NEUROSCIENCE:Personality Traits and Patternsof Brain ActivityIN FOCUS: Explaining Those AmazingIdentical-Twin Similarities• Assessing Personality:Psychological TestsSCIENCE VERSUS PSEUDOSCIENCE:Graphology: The “Write” Way toAssess Personality?• Closing ThoughtsENHANCING WELL-BEING WITHPSYCHOLOGY: Possible Selves:Imagine the Possibilities• Chapter Review417