Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 5th txtbk

fixed-ratio (FR) schedule, 210flashbulb memory, 246–247flavor, 109fMRI (functional MRI), 34, 35forebraincerebral cortex, 68–70cerebral hemisphere, 68corpus callosum, 68defined, 68limbic system, 70–72prenatal brain developmentand, 374structures of, 71forensic psychology, 15forgettingabsentmindedness, 250decay theory, 250–252defined, 248déjà vu experience, 250–252Ebbinghaus forgetting curve,248–249encoding failure, 248, 249–250inattentional blindness, 251interference theory, 252, 270motivated forgetting, 252–253nonsense syllable, 248proactive interference, 252prospective memory, 250repression, 252retroactive interference, 252source amnesia, 251source memory, 251source monitoring, 251suppression, 252test for memory of details of acommon object, 249why we forget, 249–253formal concept, 279formal operational stage,390–391founder of psychology, 4fovea, 94, 95fraternal twins, 305free association, 421, 582–583free-floating anxiety, 538free recall, 245frequency, 102frequency distribution, A–3frequency polygon, A–4frequency theory, 104freshness of appreciation, 341Freudian slips, 422friendships, 404–405frontal lobe, 69fully functioning person, 436functional fixedness, 284, 285functionalism, 5–6functional MRI (fMRI), 34, 35functional plasticity, 62fundamental attribution error,463, 466fusiform facial area (FFA), 279GAD (generalized anxietydisorder), 537–538galvanic skin response (GSR), 347gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA), 51, 52, 53ganglion cells, 96Ganzfeld technique, 116, 117gender, 384gender bias, and language,290–291gender identity, 384gender-related differencescoping, 521emotion, 347excess weight and obesity, 330mate preferences and, 336moral reasoning, 403social support, 516–517gender role, 384gender-role developmentchildhood behavior, genderdifferences in, 384–386gender, 384gender identity, 384gender role, 384gender schema theory, 386–387modeling, 386social learning theory of genderrole development, 386gender schema theory, 386–387gene, 370general adaptation syndrome,505–506general intelligence, 298, 299generalized anxiety disorder(GAD), 537–538generational differences in theworkplace, B–11generative, 289genetic factors in schizophrenia,567–568genetic predisposition to mooddisorders, 550genetics and developmentalpsychology, 370–373genetics and environment, interactionwith excess weightand obesity, 329–331genetics and environment indetermining role ofintelligenceBurakumin people ofJapan, 309cross-cultural studies of groupdiscrimination and IQdifferences, 308–309cultural bias and IQ test, 310difference within groups vs.between groups, 307–308group differences in IQ scores,306–307heritability, 301, 305genetics and sexual orientation,337–339genital stage, 426, 427genotype, 370, 371–372genuineness, 586germinal period, 373Gestalt principles oforganization, 118Gestalt psychology, 115, 118g factor, 298, 299, 302, 303ghrelin, 324–325ginkgo biloba experiment,27–29, 271glial, 45glial cells, 45glucose, 323, 324glutamate, 177goals, 361–362gonads, 61graphology, 448grasping reflex, 376group therapy, 598–599growth hormone, 60growth spurt, 394GSR (galvanic skinresponse), 347guidelines, ethical issues, 33, 36Guidelines for Ethical Conduct inthe Care and use of Animals(APA), 36guiding stage, 283gustationdefined, 104, 108flavor, 109taste buds, 108–109umami, 109hair cells, 103hallucinations, 116, 141, 174,564–565hammer, middle ear, 102hashish, 174, 175health benefits of social support,515–516health psychology, 15, 498hearingabsolute threshold and, 90amplitude, 102anvil, 102audition, 102basilar membrane, 103cochlea, 103conduction deafness, 103decibel, 102decibel levels, 104ear canal, 102eardrum, 102frequency, 102frequency theory, 104hair cells, 103hammer, 102hertz, 102how we hear, 102–104inner ear, 103loudness, 102middle ear, 102nerve deafness, 103outer ear, 102overview, 101–102pinna, 102pitch, 102pitch, distinguishing, 104–105place theory, 104sound, path of, 103sound waves, characteristicsof, 102stirrup, 102timbre, 102what we hear, 102helping behavioraltruism, 486, 487bystander effect, 487diffusion of responsibility, 487factors that decrease the likelihoodof bystanders helping,457–488factors that increase the likelihoodof bystanders helping,486–487prosocial behavior, 486, 487heredity vs. environment, 3heritability, 305heroin, 53, 170hertz, 102heterosexual, 335–337heuristics, 282–283hierarchy of needs,340–341, 433higher order conditioning,188–189highly palatable foods, 328,329, 330hindbrain, 66–67, 374hindsight bias, 464, 466hippocampus, 35, 65, 70, 71histogram, A–3H. M., anterograde amnesiapatient, 265–267homosexual, 335–337hormonesdefined, 59ghrelin, 324–325insulin, 326leptin, 326, 327memory and, 10how we see color, 100–101hue, 98, 99humanistic perspective onpersonalityactualizing tendency, 434conditional positive regard, 434evaluating, 436fully functioning person, 436hierarchy of needs, 433humanistic psychology, 433overview, 11self-concept, 434unconditional positiveregard, 434humanistic psychology, 8, 9, 433humanistic therapyclient-centered therapy,585–587empathic understanding, 586genuineness, 586motivational interviewing, 587psychoanalytic therapycompared, 587unconditional positiveregard, 586human nature, 435Human Sexual Inadequacy(Masters and Johnson), 332Human Sexual Response (Mastersand Johnson), 332The Human Side of Enterprise(McGregor), B–9SI-6 Subject Index