Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 5th txtbk

Appendix C: APA Goals and Outcomes C-3• (1.3d) Founders of the field are discussed in Chapter 1, pp. 4–9and major perspectives in psychology are presented on pp. 10–14.These perspectives and related theories are linked to behaviorand mental processes presented throughout the text. As anexample, see Chapter 14 (Therapies) on pp. 580–600, whichdiscusses various therapies based on psychological perspectivesand theories.• (1.3e) Throughout the Hockenbury & Hockenbury text, variousperspectives are presented as part of discussions on specific topicsin psychology. For example, see the Chapter 8 (Motivation andEmotion) section “Theories of Emotion” on pp. 355-360, whereexplanations of various theories set the stage for students’understanding of behavior linked to emotions. Also, see theChapter 10 (Personality) section titled “Two Representative TraitTheories” on pp. 440–441.1.4 Explain major perspectives of psychology (e.g., behavioral,biological, cognitive, evolutionary, humanistic,psychodynamic, and sociocultural).a. Compare and contrast major perspectivesb. Describe advantages and limitations of major theoreticalperspectives• (1.4a) All of these perspectives are outlined in the Chapter 1(Introduction and Research Methods) section titled “MajorPerspectives in Psychology” on pp. 10–14.• (1.4ba-b) For specific examples of discussions of various majortheoretical perspectives, see pp. 420–446 of Chapter 10(Personality). In those pages various theoretical perspectives areapplied to personality; in those same pages, advantages andlimitations of different perspectives when applied to personalityare summarized.2.1 Describe the basic characteristics of the science of psychology.• (2.1) Chapter 1 (Introduction and Research Methods) on pp. 1–39.2.2 Explain different research methods used by psychologists.a. Describe how various research designs address differenttypes of questions and hypothesesb. Articulate strengths and limitations of various researchdesignsc. Distinguish the nature of designs that permit causalinferences from those that do not• (2.2) Chapter 1 sections titled “The Scientific Method,”“Descriptive Research Methods,” and “The Experimental Method”on pp. 16–32.• (2.2a) The discussion of the different research methods in Chapter1 includes advantages and disadvantages of each method, as wellas presentations of types of questions appropriate for eachmethod.• (2.2c) Hockenbury & Hockenbury distinguishes the nature ofdesigns that permit casual inferences from those that don’tthroughout the text. For example: see pp. 25–26 in the Chapter 1section “Correlational Studies,” Critical Thinking in-text boxestitled “Do Personality Factors Cause Disease,” on p. 514 and“Does Smoking Cause Depression and other PsychologicalDisorders” on pp. 550–551, and several examples of experimentalvs. correlational studies in Chapter 12 (Stress, Health, and Coping).2.3 Evaluate the appropriateness of conclusions derivedfrom psychological research.a. Interpret basic statistical resultsb. Distinguish between statistical significance and practicalsignificancec. Describe effect size and confidence intervalsd. Evaluate the validity of conclusions presented in researchreports• (2.3a) The interpretation of basic statistical results is addressed inAppendix A (Statistics: Understanding Data) on pp. A-1–A-14; theChapter 1 sections “Correlational Studies” on pp. 25–26 and “Step3. Analyze the Data and Draw Conclusions” on pp. 18–19.• (2.3b) To distinguish between statistical significance and practicalsignificance, see p. 18.• (2.2c) This goal is beyond the scope of Discovering Psychology.• (2.3d) Hockenbury & Hockenbury addresses the validity ofconclusions presented in research reports throughout the text. Forexamples, see pp. 25–26 for a critique of the Anderson & Dill(2000) experiment, the Critical Thinking in-text boxes titled “DoPersonality Factors Cause Disease,” on p. 514, “Does Exposure toMedia Violence Cause Aggressive Behavior?” on pp. 224–225,and “Does Smoking Cause Depression and other PsychologicalDisorders?” on pp. 550–551.