Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 5th txtbk

CONCEPTMAPINDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGYIndustrial/Organizational PsychologyThe study of human behavior in the workplacePersonnel PsychologyOrganizational BehaviorA sub-area of I/O psychology that focuses onmatching people’s characteristics to job requirements,accurately measuring job performance,and assessing employee trainingneedsA sub-area of I/O psychology that focuses onthe workplace culture and its influence onemployee behavior• Job satisfaction is studied by examining the discrepancyhypothesis, which looks at the gapsbetween what a person wants from a job andwhat that person actually experiences.• Leadership effectiveness has been studiedthrough the trait approach, behavioraltheories, and most effectively, throughsituational (contingency) theories. The leadermemberexchange model is usedfor describing relationshipsbetween leaders and employers.• A job analysis helps determine the majorresponsibilities of a job and the humancharacteristics needed to fill it.• Selection device validity is the extent to whicha device such as an interview or work samplehelps distinguish applicants who will becomehigh performers.• Psychological tests used in the selectionprocess include integrity tests, cognitive abilitytests, and personality tests.Careers in I/O PsychologyWorkplace Trends and Issues• Internet recruiting• Telework and telecommuting• Work-life balance• Workforce diversity• A bachelor’s degree allows you towork in an I/O-related field.• A master’s or doctorate degree isrequired to work as an I/O psychologist.• I/O psychologists may work inacademic settings, public institutions,or private corporations.B-16