Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 5th txtbk

psychodynamic perspective, 10psychokinesis, 116psychological disordersadolescent disorders, 536anxiety disorders. See anxietydisordersAutistic disorder, 536childhood disorders, 536defined, 533dissociative disorders. Seedissociative disordersDSM-IV-TR, 533–534, 536eating disorders. See eatingdisordersfetishism disorder, 536gender identity disorders, 536hypochondriasis disorder, 536impulse-control disorders, 536infancy disorders, 536Jerusalem Syndrome, 564kleptomania disorder, 536mental disorders, 533mood disorders. See mooddisordersnarcolepsy disorder, 536National Comorbidity SurveyReplication (NCS-R),534–535overview, 531personality disorders. Seepersonality disordersphobias. See phobiasprevalence of, 534–536psychopathology, 531pyromania disorder, 536schizophrenia. Seeschizophreniasexual disorders, 536sleep disorders, 536sleep terror disorder, 536smoking and, 550–551somatoform disorders, 536substance-relateddisorders, 536Tourette’s disorder, 536violence and, 532psychological factors that influencethe response to stress,509–514psychological factors that triggereating, 325psychological needs as motivatorsachievement motivation,342–344autonomy, 341culture and achievementmotivation, 344extrinsic motivation, 342freshness of appreciation, 341hierarchy of needs, 340–341intrinsic motivation, 342peek experiences, 341problem centering, 341realism and acceptance, 341self-actualization, 340–341self-determination theory,341–342spontaneity, 341Thematic Apperception Test(TAT), 343psychological researchbrain imaging, using, 34ethics in, 33Psychological Science, 31psychological tests, 446,B–4–B–6psychology, 2, 2–3psychoneuroimmunology,506, 507psychopath, 557The Psychopathology of EverydayLife (Freud), 421psychosexual stages, 426–427psychotherapyantidepressant medicationcompared, 613behavior therapy. See behaviortherapybiomedical therapies. Seebiomedical therapiesclient characteristics, 603cognitive therapies. Seecognitive therapy (CT)couple therapy, 600cultural differences, 603cultural values and, 606–607defined, 580, 581eclecticism, 604eclectic psychotherapists, 605evaluating effectiveness of,601–605exposure therapy, 604, 605external circumstances, 603eye movement desensitizationreprocessing (EMDR),604–605factors contributing toeffectiveness of, 603family therapy, 600forms of, effectiveness of,602–603group therapy, 598–599humanistic therapy. Seehumanistic therapypsychoanalytic therapy. Seepsychoanalytic therapyself-help groups, 599therapeutic relationship, 603therapist characteristics, 603what to expect in, 616–617psychoticism, 441psychotropic medications, 607psycograph, 63PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder),542–543, 591, 604puberty, 394, 395punishment, 204–206punishment and obedience stageof moral development, 401punishment by application, 204punishment by removal, 204, 205pupil, 94purging, 554puzzle-box studies, 200quickening, 374random assignment, 28, 29random sample, 24, 25range, A–6rational-emotive therapy (RET),592, 593–595rationalization, 425Raven’s Progressive Matricestest, 302–303RBD (REM sleep behaviordisorder), 158reaction formation, 425realism and acceptance, 341reality principle, 423Really Achieving Your ChildhoodDreams (Pausch), 409recall, 245recency effect, 245“Recent Advances in the Field ofPhysiological Psychology”(Wundt), 5receptive aphasia, 74receptors, 51receptor sites, 50reciprocal determinism, 436, 437recognition, 245refractory period, 49refractory period of humansexual response, 333refusal of individual, 483regenerated action potential, 48rehabilitation psychology, 15reinforcement, 201–204relative size, 119, 120relaxation technique, 524relaxation used to controlpain, 130reliability, 297reliable signals, 195–196REM rebound, 146REM sleepbehavior disorder, 158defined, 141REM-off/on neurons, 148REM sleep behavior disorder(RBD), 158replicate, 18, 19repolarized neurons, 49representativeness, 286–287representative sample, 24, 25repressed memory therapy,258–259repression, 252, 424, 425research and work areas for(I/O) psychology, B–2resistance, 583resisting authority’s unacceptableorders, 484resolution phase of human sexualresponse, 333resting potential, 47, 49RET (rational-emotive therapy),592, 593–595reticular activating system, 67reticular formation, 67retina, 94, 95, 96–97retrieval, 232retrieval, memorycontext effect, 246cued recall, 245defined, 243demonstration of, 243,244, 245encoding specificity principle,246flashbulb memory, 246–247free recall, 245glitches, 244–245mood congruence, 246primacy effect, 245recall, 245recency effect, 245recognition, 245retrieval cue, 243–244retrieval cue failure, 243serial position effect,245, 270testing, 245tip-of-the-tongue (TOT)experience, 244–245retrieval cue, 243–244retrieval cue failure, 243retroactive interference, 252reuptake, 50Robbers Cave experiment,472–473rods, 95role disputes, 584role transitions, 584romantic love, 334rooting reflex, 375Rorschach Inkblot Test, 447“Runners high,” 54sample, 24, 25, A–13satiation, 325satiation signals, 325–326saturation, 98, 99savants, autistic, 294, 302scatter diagram, A–10scatter plot, A–10schedule of reinforcement,210–212schema distortion, 260schemas, 256schizophreniaabnormal brain chemistry,570–571abnormal brain structures,569–570catatonic schizophrenia, 566course of, 567defined, 562, 563delusion, 562disorganized schizophrenia,566dopamine hypothesis, 52,570–571environmental factors, 569genetic factors, 567–568hallucinations, 564–565Jerusalem Syndrome, 564negative symptoms, 562, 565olfactory function lossand, 107paranoid schizophrenia, 566paternal age and, 568–569SI-12 Subject Index