Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 5th txtbk

SUBJECT INDEX“ABC” model of rationalemotivetherapy, 594ability intelligence, 298–299abnormal brain chemistry,570–571abnormal brain structures,569–570absentmindedness, 250absolute threshold, 90Abu Ghraib, abuse at, 482–483accidental reinforcement, 210accommodation, 94, 119acculturative stress, 502, 503acetylcholine (ACh), 51, 52,53, 148achievement motivation, 342–344achievement test, 298action potential, 47, 48activation-synthesis model ofdreaming, 152–153activity theory of aging, 408actualizing tendency, 434acupuncture, 53, 117A-delta fibers, 110–111AD (Alzheimer’s disease),52, 107additive model, 285adenosine, 144, 171adipose tissue, 323adolescencebrain changes in, 396–397defined, 393disorders, 536Erikson’s theory ofpsychosocial development,399–400growth spurt, 394identity formation, 399–400moral reasoning, developmentof, 401–403physical and sexualdevelopment, 394–398sleep deprivation and, 145social development, 398–399adrenal cortex, 60adrenal glands, 60adrenaline, 61adrenal medulla, 61adult developmentcareers in adulthood, 406–407families and households,changing structure of,405–406friendships, 404–405marriage, 405menopause, 404overview, 403–404parenthood, 405–406physical changes, 404social development, 404–407advertising and classicalconditioning, 192aerial perspective, 119afterimage, 100–101aggressive behavior and mediaviolence, 224–225agingbrain function and, 64memory and, 10agoraphobia, 536, 538–539alcohol, 167–169algorithms, 282alleles, 371all-or-none law, 49alpha brain waves, 141Al-Sayyid Bedouin SignLanguage, 289altruism, 486, 487Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 52, 107Ambien, 158American Journal of Psychology, 6American PsychologicalAssociation (APA), 6, 33, 36American Sign Language (ASL),244, 289, 382amnesiaAlzheimer’s disease (AD) and,268–269anterograde amnesia, 264,265–267brain structures involved inmemory, 267defined, 264dementia, 268explicit memory, 266implicit memory, 266–267memory consolidation,264–265retrograde amnesia, 264–265sleep behaviors and, 158amniotic sac, 373amphetamines, 172–174amplitude, 102amygdalaactivating, 349–350defined, 72emotion and, 35fear and, 349–350functions of, 71neuroscience of emotion,349–350anal stage, 425–426, 427analyzation of data and drawingconclusions, 18–19anandamide, 174anecdotal evidence, 37angel dust, 177animal cognition, 36, 293animal communication, 291–293Animal Intelligence: AnExperimental Study of theAssociative Processes inAnimals (Thorndike), 212The Animal Mind (Washburn), 6animal research, ethicalguidelines for, 33, 35animalsemotion and, 352–353training of for physicallychallenged people, 212use in psychologicalresearch, 36anorexia nervosa, 553–554anosmia, 105anthropomorphism, 353antianxiety medications, 610antidepressant medications, 610,611–613antipsychotic medications, 550,607–610antisocial personality disorder,557–559anvil, middle ear, 102anxiety, 537anxiety disordersagoraphobia, 538–539catastrophic cognitionstheory, 539compulsions, 544defined, 537generalized anxiety disorder(GAD), 537–538obsessions, 543obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD), 543–545panic attacks, 538–539panic disorders, 538–539phobias. See phobiaspost-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD), 542–543triple vulnerabilities model, 539anxiety hierarchy, 589APA (American PsychologicalAssociation), 6, 33, 36aphasia, 72Aplysia, 263appreciation, freshness of, 341APS (Association of PsychologicalScience), 19aptitude test, 298archetypes, 428–429Army Alpha test, 294Army Beta test, 294ASL (American Sign Language),244, 289, 382Asperger’s syndrome, 37,275–276, 302, 305association areas, 69, 70Association of PsychologicalScience (APS), 31astigmatism, 95astrocyte, 45Ativan, 170attitudesbehavior, effect of attitudeson, 467behavioral component, 467behavior affecting, 467–469cognitive component, 467cognitive dissonance,468–469defined, 466emotional component, 467attractive people, making eyecontact, 462attributionblaming the victim, 464, 466culture and attributionalbiases, 465defined, 463fundamental attribution error,463, 466hindsight bias, 464, 466just-world hypotheses, 464self-effacing bias, 466self-serving bias, 464, 465, 466atypical antipsychoticmedications, 609audition, 102auditory cortex, primary, 69auditory sensory memory, 235authoritarian parenting style,410, 411authoritative parenting style,410, 411–412autism, 302–303, 305autism spectrum disorders, 302autistic savants, 302autobiographical memory, 240autonomic nervous system,57–58autonomy, 341availability heuristic, 286aversive conditioning, 590awareness, levels ofpersonality, 422axon, 46–47axon terminals, 50SI-1