Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 5th txtbk

temperament, 377temporal lobe, 69tend-and-befriend response, 521teratogens, 374testes, 60, 61testimonials vs. scientificevidence, 22testosterone, 61, 334–335test-taking behavior, 310tetrahydrocannabinol(THC), 175texture gradient, 119, 120thalamus, 70, 71Thanatos, 423THC (tetrahydrocannabinol),175Thematic Apperception Test(TAT), 343, 447The Myth of Repressed Memory:False Memories andAllegations of Sexual Abuse(Loftus), 231theories, building, 20theories of emotioncognitive appraisal theory ofemotion, 358, 359cognitive theories of emotion,358–360facial feedback hypothesis, 358James-Lange theory ofemotion, 355–358two-factor theory of emotion,358, 359theory, defined, 20therapeutic relationship, 603therapies. See biomedicaltherapiestherapist characteristics, 603theta brain waves, 141thinkingcognition, 277concepts, 278–281defined, 277divergent, 312exemplars, 280, 281formal concept, 279language, influenced by,290–291mental images, 277–278natural concept, 280, 281prototype, 280, 281unwarranted beliefs, 288thyroid gland, 60timbre, 102tip-of-the-fingers experience, 244tip-of-the-tongue (TOT)experience, 244–245TM (transcendental meditation),164TMS (transcranial magneticstimulation), 15token economy, 592TOT (tip-of-the-tongue)experience, 244–245touch, 90, 109training, types of, I/Opsychology, B–14training programs, designing,B–4trait, 439trait approach to leadereffectiveness, B–8trait perspective on personalitybehavioral genetics, 443–445brain activity patternsand, 443evaluating, 445Eysenck’s theory of personalitytypes, 440–441five-factor model of personality,442Sixteen Personality FactorQuestionnaire, 440source traits, 440surface traits, 440trait, 439trait theory, 439tranquilizer, 169–170, 171transcendental meditation(TM), 164transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS), 15transduction, 89transference, 583transient insomnia, 154treatment variable, 27trial and error, 281–282triarchic theory, ofintelligence, 301trichromatic theory of colorvision, 100, 101triple vulnerabilities model, 539t-test, A–12twins, 305, 444, 569twin studies, 305–306two-word stage of languagedevelopment, 383Type A behavior pattern andhostility, 512–513Type I error, A–13Type II error, A–13umami, 109umbilical cord, 373uncertainty, decisions involving,286–287unconditional positive regard,434, 586unconditioned response(UCR), 186unconditioned stimulus(UCS), 186unconscious, 421unconscious thought, 8undifferentiated schizophrenia,566undoing, 425unfounded claims, 23universal facial expressions, 354universal moral principles stageof moral development, 401unresolved grief, 584unwarranted beliefs, 288validity, 298Valium, 170variable, 16, 17variable-interval (VI)schedule, 211variable-ratio (VR) schedule, 211ventricles, 56vestibular sense, 112Vicodin, 170video games, time spent playing,25–26virtual reality (VR) therapy, 591visionabsolute threshold and, 90accommodation, 94astigmatism, 95bipolar cells, 96blind spot, 96color vision, 98–101cones, 95cornea, 94farsightedness, 95fovea, 94, 95ganglion cells, 96how we see, 94–95hyperopia, 95iris, 94lens, 94myopia, 95nearsightedness, 95optic chiasm, 97optic disk, 94, 96optic diskoptic nerve, 97optic nerve, 94presbyopia, 95processing visual information,96–97pupil, 94retina, 94, 95, 96–97rods, 95wavelength, 93what we see, 93visual cortex, primary, 69visual imagery, 239, 270visual sensory memory, 235voluntary participation, 33Walden Two (Skinner), 208Waterfall (Escher), 126wavelength, 93Weber’s law, 92Wechsler Intelligence Scale forChildren (WISC), 296–297weight cycling, 330, 331Wernicke’s aphasia, 74Wernicke’s area, 73When Generations Collide:(Lancaster and Stillman),B–11Whorfian hypothesis, 290–291WISC (Wechsler IntelligenceScale for Children),296–297Wishful Drinking (Fisher), 549withdrawal reflex, 56womb envy, 430Wonderlic Personnel Test-Revised (WPT-R), B–5working memory, 237work-life balance, B–13workplace trends and issuesdiversity, B–11–B–12generational differences, B–11Internet recruiting, B–13telecommuting, B–12work-life balance, B–13work samples, B–6–B–7World War I and groupintelligence testing,294–295WPT-R (Wonderlic PersonnelTest-Revised), B–5Xyrem (sodium oxybate), 156yawning, 144zazen, 164Zoloft, 55zone of proximal development,393z scores, A–7–A–8zygote, 370zygotic period, 373Subject Index 15