Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 5th txtbk

Concept Map577Eating DisordersSevere, maladaptive disturbancesin eating behaviorAnorexia nervosa:• Severe restriction of food intake• Refusal to maintain normal body weight• Irrational fear of gaining weight• Distorted self-image and self-perceptionof body sizeBulimia nervosa:• Recurring episodes of uncontrollablebinge eating• Recurring episodes of purging food byuse of laxatives, self-induced vomitingPersonality DisordersPersonality traits characterized by inflexible,maladaptive patterns of thoughts, emotions,behavior, and interpersonal functioningParanoid personality disorder:• Unjustified pervasive distrust andsuspiciousness of motives of others• Frequent inappropriate outbursts,misinterpretations of events, blamingothers• Pathological jealousy of significantotherAntisocial personality disorder:• Recurring pattern of blatant lying,cheating, manipulating, and harmingothers• No sense of conscience, guilt, orremorse• Irresponsible and substance abusecommon• Also termed psychopath orsociopathBorderline personality disorder:• Unstable self-image, emotionalcontrol, and interpersonal relationships• Mood swings, impulsiveness, substanceabuse, and self-destructivetendencies• Extreme fear of abandonmentDissociative DisordersExtreme dissociative experiences that disruptthe normal integration of awareness, memory,and personal identityDissociative amnesia: Inability torecall important personal informationthat is not due to a medical condition,drug, or ordinary forgetfulnessDissociative fugue:• Identity confusion combinedwith sudden, unexplainedwandering awayfrom home• Post-fugue amnesia foreventDissociative identity disorder (DID):• Memory disruptions of personalidentity combined with presence oftwo or more distinct identitiestermed alters• Controversial mental disorder ofwhich many clinicians are skeptical• Previously called multiple personalitydisorderSchizophreniaPositive symptoms: Excesses or distortionsof normal functioning• Delusions: False beliefs• Hallucinations: false perceptions• Severely disorganized thoughts,speech, and behaviorSeverely distorted thought processes, beliefs,and perceptions that impairs functioningNegative symptoms: Deficits innormal functioning• Flat affect: Emotionally bluntedreactions• Alogia: Greatly reduced speech• Avolition: Apathy and diminishedgoal-directed behaviorTypes of schizophrenia:• Paranoid type: Delusions ofgrandeur or persecution, auditoryhallucinations, no cognitiveimpairment• Catatonic type: Disturbedmovements, facial expressions,postures• Disorganized type: Severelydisorganized behavior andspeech, inappropriate emotionalexpressions• Undifferentiated type: Symptomsdo not clearly fit one offirst three types