Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 5th txtbk

CONCEPTMAPPSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERSPsychological DisordersorMental DisordersPatterns of behavioral and psychological symptomsthat cause significant personal distress and/orimpair person’s ability to functionPsychopathology: Scientific study ofthe origins, symptoms, and developmentof psychological disordersDiagnostic and Statistical Manual ofMental Disorders (DSM): Containsinformation and specific diagnosticcriteria for over 300 different psychologicaldisordersNational Comorbidity Survey (NCS-R):Identified lifetime and annual prevalenceof mental disorders in generalpopulationAnxiety DisordersGeneralized anxiety disorder(GAD): Chronic, global feelingsof unreasonable worry andanxietyPanic disorder: Sudden,unpredictable episodesof panic attacksMood Disorders• Serious, persistentemotional disruptionsthat cause psychologicaldiscomfort and impairability to function• Also called affectivedisordersMaladaptive anxiety thatdisrupts ability to functionPhobias:• Intense, irrational fear andavoidance of an object orsituation• Types include specificphobia, social phobia(social anxiety disorder),and agoraphobiaBipolar disorder:• Bouts of manic episodes that usuallyalternate with incapacitating periodsof major depression• Some only experience manicepisodes• Inappropriate euphoria, excitement,flight of ideas, and high energy duringmania• Previously called manic-depressionObsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD):• Chronic, persistent anxietycaused by intrusive repetitivethoughts (obsessions)• Anxiety reduced by performingrepetitive behavior ormental act (compulsion)Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD):• Reaction to extreme psychological orphysical trauma• Frequent, intrusive trauma memories• Avoidance of situations that may triggerrecall of trauma event• Emotional numbness• Heightened physical arousal and anxietyCyclothymic disorder:• Frequent, unpredictablemood swings• Not severe enough to bebipolar disorder or majordepressionMajor depression:• Emotional symptoms: despondency, helplessness,worthlessness• Behavioral symptoms: slowed movements,dejected expressions• Cognitive symptoms: difficulty thinking,concentrating, and suicidal thoughts• Physical symptoms: loss of physical andmental energy, appetite and sleepchangesSeasonal affective disorder (SAD):• Recurring episodes of major depressionduring fall and winter months• Associated with reduced sunlightexposureDysthymic disorder:• Chronic, low-grade depressedfeelings• Ability to function not seriouslyimpaired