Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 5th txtbk

hyperarousal, 154hyperopia, 95hypnagogic hallucinations, 141hypnosisage regression through, 161applications of, 163defined, 159dissociation, 161effects of, 159–161hidden observer, 161hypermnesia, 160imaginative suggestibility, 162inducing, 159limits of, 163memory and, 160–161neodissociation theory of,161, 162pain suppression, 160perceptual changes, 160PET scan using, 162posthypnotic amnesia, 160posthypnotic suggestion, 160sensory changes, 160social-cognitive view of, 162special state of consciousnessviews of, 162hypnosis used to controlpain, 129hypocretins, 156hypothalamus, 60, 70, 71–72hypothesisdefined, 16empirical evidence, 16formulating, 18, 28hotel experiment, 29–30testable, 16–17iconic memory, 235id, 422, 423identical twins, 305, 444, 569identification, 426identity formation, 399–400illusions. See perceptual illusionsimagery used to control pain, 130imagination, perception and, 279imagination inflation,257–259, 260immune system, 61, 506–509imperfect memoriesfalse memory, 256memory distortions, 256–257misinformation effect, 254–255overview, 253–254schemas, 256scripts, 256source confusion, 254,255–256implicit cognition, 460implicit memory, 240–242implicit personality theory, 461inattentional blindness, 251incongruity, 281independent variable, 27, 30individual behavior and operantconditioning, 212individual factors that influencethe response to stress,509–513individualistic cultures, 12, 13induced motion, 122induction, 410, 412industrial/organizational (I/O)psychologydefined, B–2, 15employment, outlook for, B–14employment settings,B–13–B–14history of, B–2–B–3organizational behavior. Seeorganizational behaviorpersonnel psychology. Seepersonnel psychologyresearch and work areas for,B–2training, types of, B–14workplace trends and issues. Seeworkplace trends and issuesinfancyattachment, 378–381child care’s effects on attachmentand development,380–381comprehension vocabulary, 383cooing and babbling stage oflanguage development,382–383disorders, 536event-specific expectationsabout the world, 392grasping reflex, 376infant-directed speech, 382language development,382–384motherese, 382motor development, milestonesin, 377one-word of language development,383physical development, 376–377production vocabulary, 383rooting reflex, 375sleeping arrangements, 379social and personality development,377–381stepping reflex, 376sucking reflex, 376temperament, 377temperamental qualities,377–378two-word of languagedevelopment, 383infant-directed speech, 382inferential statistics, A–12–A–13inferiority complex, 431information about researchstudies, 33informational socialinfluence, 475informational support, 517information-processing model ofcognitive development, 393informed consent, 33in-group, 470–471in-group bias, 471–472inhalants, 169–170inhibitory messages, 51inner ear, 103insight, 283insomnia, 153–154, 178instinctive drift, 217insulin, 323, 326integrated explanation of colorvision, 101integrative stage, 283integrity test, B–5intelligenceability and, 298–299analytic, 301bodily-kinesthetic, 300creative, 301defined, 293general, 298, 299g factor, 298, 299interpersonal, 300intrapersonal, 300linguistic, 300logical-mathematical, 300multiple, 299–301musical, 300naturalist, 300nature of, 298–304neurodiversity and, 302–303origin of, 304practical, 301spatial, 300stereotype threat, 310–311successful, 301triarchic theory of, 301intelligence quotient (IQ), 294intelligence testingachievement test, 298aptitude test, 298Army Alpha test, 294Army Beta test, 294development of, 293–297intelligence quotient (IQ), 294mental age, 294neurodiversity and, 302–303normal curve, 297normal distribution, 297principles of test construction,297–298reliability, 297standardization, 297stereotype threat and, 310–311success in life and high IQscores, 295, 305–306test-taking behavior, 310validity, 298Wechsler Intelligence Scale forChildren (WISC), 296–297World War I and group intelligencetesting, 294–295interacting systems, 61, 62interactive dualism, 3interference theory, 252, 270Internet recruiting, B–13interneurons, 45interpersonal context, 459interpersonal deficits, 584interpersonal expectations stageof moral development, 401interpersonal intelligence, 300interpersonal therapy (IPT), 584The Interpretation of Dreams(Freud), 151, 421, 422interpretations, 583intrapersonal intelligence, 300intrinsic motivation, 312, 342introduction, 185–186Introduction to Psychology(Calkins), 6introspection, 4–5, 137introverts, 429, 440intuition, 283ion channels, 47ions, 47IPT (interpersonal therapy), 584IQ (intelligence quotient), 294iris, 94irrational beliefs, 595irrefutable claims, 23irreversibility, 389James-Lange theory of emotion,355–358Jerusalem Syndrome, 564jet lag, 140jigsaw classroom technique,473–474job analysis, B–3–B–4job satisfaction, B–7–B–8journal reference, how toread, 20juggling, 64just noticeable difference(jnd), 92just-world hypotheses, 464Kanzi, animal communicationand, 292K complexes, 142, 143ketamine, 177kinesthetic sense, 112Kohlberg’s levels and stagesof moral development,401–402languageAl-Sayyid Bedouin SignLanguage, 289American Sign Language, 289animal cognition, 293animal communication,291–293characteristics of, 287–289comparative cognition, 293defined, 286, 287displacement, 289and gender bias, 290–291generative, 289left hemisphere and, 73linguistic relativity hypothesis,290–291Nicaragua Sign Language, 289perception and, 290–291symbols, 287syntax, 289thinking influenced by,290–291Whorfian hypothesis, 290–291language development, 382–384Subject Index SI-7