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<strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><br />

Hodnoty celkovéhodusíka v krvi (B), sére (S), erytrocytoch (Erc), leukocytoch (Lkc) a trombocytoch (Tr)<br />

<strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong>-<br />

Materiál staré jednotky nové jednotky<br />

<strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong>-<br />

B 2,5 (2 <strong>–</strong> 3) mol/l 30 <strong>–</strong> 41 g/l<br />

S 0,9 (0,9 <strong>–</strong> 1) mol/l 12 <strong>–</strong> 14 g/l<br />

Erc 4,1 <strong>–</strong> 4,4 mol/l (57 <strong>–</strong> 62) g/l<br />

Erc 0,3 ± 0,03 mol/10 12 4,6 ± 0,4 g/10 12<br />

Lkc 0,7 ± 0,5 mol/10 12 10 ± 7 g/10 12<br />

Tr 22 <strong>–</strong> 28 mol/10 12 0,3 <strong>–</strong> 0,4) g/10 12<br />

<strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><br />

* uvádza sa x ± s; v zátvorke je 95 % interval, hodnoty bez zátvoriek predstavujú variačné rozpätie (x min <strong>–</strong> x max);<br />

celkový N sa stanovoval Kjeldahlovou metó<strong>do</strong>u; v plazme sú o niečo vyššie hodnoty ako v sére (plazma<br />

obsahuje aj fibrinogén). Podiel bielkovinového N na celkovom N v Erc je >99 %, sére >96 %, Lkc asi 80 % a Tr<br />

asi 90 %. Hemoglobín tvorí 94 % celkového dusíka Erc<br />

Dusičnany prijaté potravou sa v tele účinkom nitroreduktázy menia na dusitany; asi 25 %<br />

dusičnanov sa redukuje uţ v ústnej dutine, zvyšok v ţalúdku (redukcia NO 3 na NO 2 sa zvyšuje pri<br />

achlórhydrii). Zvýšený prívod dusičnanov (hnojivá) so zvýšeným prívo<strong>do</strong>m prim. amínov (syry, ryby<br />

ap.) môţe mať za násle<strong>do</strong>k tvorbu karcinogénny →nitrozamínov.<br />

Straty dusíka močom sa zvyšujú najmä v záťaţových situáciách (úrazy, operácie, infekcie). Po<br />

stredne ťaţkých operáciách (napr. resekcii ţalúdka) sú denné straty N asi 10 g. Na kaţdý stratený g<br />

N sa ráta so stratou 6,25 g telových bielkovín, čo zodpovedá strate 30 g svalovej hmoty. Väčšie<br />

straty majú mladí muţi s vyvinutým svalstvom; straty ţien sú asi o 1/3 niţšie ako u muţov. Straty N<br />

sa u<strong>sk</strong>utočňujú na úkor svalových bielkovín. V prvých d po úraze sa však strácajú najprv bielkoviny<br />

s kratšími t 0,5 , ako sú bielkoviny GIT a pečene, faktory komplementu a transportné bielkoviny plazmy<br />

(bielkovina viaţuca retinol, prealbumín, transferín), čo sa spája s funkčnými následkami (zlé hojenie<br />

rán, zníţenie o<strong>do</strong>lnosti proti infekcii a i.). Pri katabolizmus bielkovín sa vo zvýšenej miere vylučuje<br />

močovina, Ca, K a Mg.<br />

Exkrécia N pri hla<strong>do</strong>vaní klesá. Na rozdiel od stresu tu organizmus bielkoviny šetrí a energetické<br />

potreby sa kryjú prevaţne tukmi. Denné straty N klesajú na 3 <strong>–</strong> 4 g/d, čo zodpovedá katabolizmu 20<br />

<strong>–</strong> 25 g bielkovín, t. j. 90 <strong>–</strong> 100 g svalovej hmoty. Tomu zodpovedá spočiatku prudký, ne<strong>sk</strong>ôr pomalší<br />

pokles telesnej hmotnosti. Potreba bielkovín pri ich stratách katabolizmom sa vypočíta podľa<br />

→dusíkovej bilancie.<br />

dusík nebielkovinový <strong>–</strong> NPN, syn. neproteínový, zvyškový, nekoloidný dusík; dusík látok, kt. sa<br />

nezráţajú deproteinačnými činidlami (kys. trichlóroctová, kys. sulfosalicylová a i.), ale ostávajú v<br />

rozt. V krvi (plazme i v erytrocytoch) sa nachádza NPN v koncentrácii asi 250 aţ 400 mg/l (18 <strong>–</strong> 29<br />

mmol/l). Z toho najviac pripadá na N močoviny:<br />

<strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><br />

Zloţky nebielkovinového dusíka v krvi<br />

<strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><br />

Zloţka mg/l mmol/l<br />

<strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><br />

N močoviny 100 <strong>–</strong> 180 7 <strong>–</strong> 13<br />

N kreatínu 60 4,3<br />

N aminokyselín 60 4,3<br />

N kys. močovej 30 2<br />

N kreatinínu 10 0,7<br />

N adenínových nukleoti<strong>do</strong>v 20 1,4<br />

Nindikánu 0,45 0,03<br />

N amoniaku 0,25 0,02<br />

<strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong>-

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