National Disaster Response Plan (NDRP) March 2010 - NDMA

(b) Insect proof
(c) Rodent proof
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(d) Waste should be covered tightly with plastic or metallic lid.
(e) Final disposal should be by incineration or by burial.
(5) Excreta and Liquid Waste. Should be disposed in bore holed or deep
trenches latrine in tent camps. Specifications for these are:-
(a) 30-50 meters from tents
(b) One seat provided 10/persons
(c) Modified soakage pits should be used for waste water by replacing
layers of earth and small pebbles with layers of straw, grass or small
twigs. The straw needs to be removed on daily basis and burned.
(d) Washing should take place with an ablution bench that is:-
i. 150 meters in length
ii. Double sided
iii. 2/100 persons
10. Water and Sanitation. Water and sanitation is the key to survival in the initial stages of
emergency. Communities in such situation are generally, vulnerable to many diseases due to lack of
inadequate water supplies and poor hygiene conditions. Diarrhea and other infectious diseases are
critical in emergencies and are transmitted quickly because of poor sanitary conditions. The main
purpose of water and sanitation programme in emergencies is to reduce the transmission of diseases
from faces to mouth through the promotion of good hygiene practices. The provision of safe drinking
water and the reduction of the health risks related to the poor sanitation.
a. Water. Water is essential for life and health. It is a basic human right. In emergencies
the accessibility, quantity, quality and availability of water is a major challenge. If water
is contaminated, threat of health hazards and particularly water borne diseases
increases manifold. Children are most vulnerable to the water borne diseases. In
emergency situation, it is very important to know the requirement of the water in relief
camps. Similarly, quality and quantity of water in all sources must be accurately
mapped.
(1) Water Source Selection. In relief camps situation, it is important to take into
account the water source, its feasibility and treatment of water.
(2) Quality and Quantity of Water. In many emergency situations, water
related diseases are transmitted due to low quality of water. Therefore, it is
important to ensure that quantity and quality water meet the needs of affected
communities. The distribution of water must be designed in a way that everyone
benefits from water supply equally. It is important to consider needs of disabled
and elderly people, children and women.