National Disaster Response Plan (NDRP) March 2010 - NDMA

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(4) Community Level Sanitation Assistance. The initial phase of emergency,
particularly first 6-8 weeks, is crucial for affected population to meet the basic
sanitation need to safely dispose off excreta. It is important to be done at the
household and community level, which includes camps in the public buildings,
tent camps or any other type of refugees/internally displaced community
location. In early days of an emergency, community level actions involve finding
or building suitable latrines
(5) Standards of Emergency Latrines. Are as follows 29 :-
(a) Excreta Disposal Standard - Access to and Number of Toilets.
People have adequate numbers of toilets, sufficiently close to their
dwellings, to allow them rapid and safe access at all times of the day
and night. Some guidelines need attention:-
i. One latrine for 20 people.
ii. Separate facilities for men and women.
iii. 50 meters or one minute walk from the from shelter.
iv. Proper system for disposal of excreta
(b) Excreta Disposal Standard - Design, Construction and use of
Toilets. Toilets are sited, designed, constructed and maintained in
such a way as to be comfortable, hygienic, and safe to use. Some
useful tips are as under:
i. Useable by all people including, children, women, pregnant
women, elderly people etc.
ii. 30 meters away from the ground water.
iii. Special design for people with disabilities.
iv. Arrangement for women‟s sanitary protection.
v. Privacy and security for women at all times day and night.
vi. Proper/adequate drainage system.
vii. Adequate and regular supply of water.
viii. Hygiene education
(c) Vector Control Standard - Individual and Family Protection. All
disaster affected people have the knowledge and means to protect
themselves from disease and nuisance vectors that are likely to
represent in significant risk to health or well being. Following points help
towards preventions:
29 The Sphere Project Minimum Standards in Disaster Response/UNICEF Emergency Handbook