National Disaster Response Plan (NDRP) March 2010 - NDMA

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(1) Important Factors to be considered for Sanitation. Rapid assessment
helps understand the situation and gauge sanitation needs. This can assist
designing and planning of the sanitation programme. Following points should
be considered for rapid assessment at early stage.
(a) Existing sanitation facilities.
(b) Personal hygiene habits.
(c) Space, location
(d) Water availability.
(e) Drainage.
(f) Soil conditions for excreta disposal.
(g) Type and design of latrines, cultural practices.
(h) Gender considerations.
(j) Special group needs such as disabled, elderly people and children.
(k) Ground water table.
(l) Preferably in open fields, trenches etc.
(m) Consult with community members and sanitation expert in planning and
designing stage of toilets.
(n) Women must participate in the planning and designing stages and
decide the location of toilets.
(o) Toilets are designed in such a way that that can be used by all
population groups of the society including children, elderly people,
women etc.
(p) Separate toilets for men and women.
(q) Separate toilets should be designed for the disabled people so that they
can easily use it.
(2) Toilets’ Design and Management Parameters
(a) Not more than 50 meters away from the dwellings
(b) Easy to clean
(c) Arrangements for disposal of women sanitary protection minimize flies
and mosquito breeding.
(d) Water availability for washing after use of toilet.
(e) Provide material for cleaning toilets.
(3) Hygiene education plays important role to reduce the risk of diseases in
communities in the emergency situation. If there is no hygiene education and if
toilets are not kept clean, it may become source for diseases transmission and
people prefer not to use them. Therefore, it is important to have health and
hygiene education as part of the sanitation programme.