Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat

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Figure 5-8: Reactions of some cultivated and wild cowpea seedlings to aphid infestation Seedlings of the cultivated cowpea lines have collapsed following aphid damage while those of some of the wild cowpea relatives did not show evidence of aphid damage. Validation of molecular markers Cowpea SNP Marker Validation: As part of the collaboration between TL I and TL II some molecular markers found to be associated with desirable traits in cowpea at UC Riverside were validated at the IITA facility, at BECA in Nairobi. Allele-specific primers were designed to capture SNPs linked to important traits like SUR, Striga, Macrophomina/*CPMVnewb, Macrophomina, Gy-1, Gs-4, Gs-2,Flow-5, Flow- 1/2, Drought, DLS-5/6, DLS-4,DLS-3, DLS-1/2, CoBB-3, CoBB-2/DLS-4, CoBB-2, CoBB-1/CPMVnewb, CoBB-1, Dehydrin, CPSMV and CPMVnewb. The SNPs were mined from the HarvEST:Cowpea v1.18 software which is a principally EST database. In order to design AS-PCR primer of extra 3’ mismatch, WebSNAPER (http://ausubellab.mgh.harvard.edu/) was used. Primers without extra 3’ mismatch were designed by use of DNASTAR Lagergene Software (www.dnastar.com/). PCR was performed using AccuPower ® PCR PreMix (www.bioneer.com). Total of 10 SNPs appeared as reliable plus/minus scoring on agarose gel of the PCR products (Table 9). These are the SNPs, converted to the agarose gel assay format and utilized to test 32 samples from a cowpea breeding population at IITA. 100 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
Table 5-12: Ten SNPs converted and used for the validation Primer CHR Posn Trait SNP Name Primer (cM) AS36 LG_03 1.3 CoBB-1 UP12_4270_135 F-CCTCTTCGCAGCCGCATTATCTCT R-CGTGCCGCTCGTGCCATAGTC ASS6 LG_03 0 CoBB-1/ *CPMVnewb UP12_12905_686 F-CTGGACACAGTGGGTATGTGAACACTGAC R-ATAACCACTAAACAAAGTGCTTCCATCTGCACT ASS93 LG_03 72.4 DLS-1/2 UP12_17547_561 F-CCAAACTTGGGGCTCGTCTCAGC R-TGTCAATGATGATCTTCCTCCCGGTC ASS16 LG_03 1.9 Macrophomina UP12_9955_544 R-AGAAGAGTGGAAGCGGCGATGGAT F-ATGACTCTTCTCTCAAATATTGAGAAGTTCATTTCT ASS64 LG_03 38.7 SUR UP12_13864_1798 F-TCACTCCGTTCCTAAGGTTCGGCC R-TTTACCGTTACAAACAAACACAAGCTCCTTAGTG ASS39 LG_07 15.8 Drought UP12_998_587 F-GAGAAAAGCTTAATTAAACCGAAACAGGCG R-AGAAGAAGACCTATACCAAGCCTAAGAAGATCAAGC AS100 LG_08 0 Drought UP12_14702_888 F-CCGCCTAGAGTTCCACGCTTATCG R-GTGGTGTGTTAGGTTGTGAGAGGAAGAGTGA ASS110 LG_08 22.9 Gy-1 UP12_5650_935 F-TGCAATGTTAGTGGCATTGTACTGGGG R-TAAACCATGCTAAGAATGGCGTCGACA ASS130/ AS113 LG_09 7.3 CoBB-3 UP12_5698_563 F-ATCAAGTAAACAAAACAAAAACAGCCAGAATATATG R-CTCAGAAGCACCCAAATACAAGCTCATCA ASS133 LG_10 39 Striga UP12_12584_1346 F-TTGTAGCTGCTATTTTAAGAAAGCTAACAACCTCC F-CATGAATTGGAGCCAACTAAAACAACCAAA Marker validation: In this study the feasibility of applying the designed SNP markers with 32 samples from a cowpea breeding population were tested. All the AS-PCR primer sets selected were optimized and validated. Ten SNPs, potentially linked to CoBB-1,*CPMVnewb, DLS-1/2, Macrophomina, SUR, Drought, Gy-1, CoBB-3 and Striga were converted to agarose gel assay. Information about SNP genotype was provided by the presence (scored as 1) or absence (scored as 0) of the PCR amplification product from allele specific primers (Figure 5, Table 9) Progress of Phase 1 101
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Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
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TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
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Seed Production and Delivery System
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Enhancing Pigeonpea Productivity an
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NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
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TL II was implemented in 10 target
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country governments in agricultural
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Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
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Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
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As stated earlier in this chapter,
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Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
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Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
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Project background Groundnut is one
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Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
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Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
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Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
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Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
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Infrastructure facilities For effic
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Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
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In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
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Training course A total of four tra
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Background The yield of groundnut i
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Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
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In order of importance, the largest
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Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
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Finally, the variety choices are co
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hybridization techniques, design of
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Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
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Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
Page 60 and 61: Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
Page 62 and 63: Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
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Page 66 and 67: The European Union still remains th
Page 68 and 69: Table 4-2: Proportion of households
Page 70 and 71: Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
Page 72 and 73: Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
Page 74 and 75: The use of other inputs (credit, in
Page 76 and 77: A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
Page 78 and 79: Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
Page 80 and 81: Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
Page 82 and 83: 99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
Page 84 and 85: Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
Page 86 and 87: A 10-day intensive training worksho
Page 88 and 89: Seed production of all classes A to
Page 90 and 91: Testing seed marketing strategies A
Page 92 and 93: as Nigeria that will face the great
Page 94 and 95: 100 Million hectares 80 60 40 20 0
Page 96 and 97: 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 00 03
Page 98 and 99: In Niger, changes in cowpea product
Page 100 and 101: irregular rainfall early in the cro
Page 102 and 103: Table 5-4: Cowpea breeding lines se
Page 104 and 105: Cowpea varieties released The proje
Page 106 and 107: Table 5-8: Number of days to flower
Page 108 and 109: Evaluation for phosphorus-use effic
Page 112 and 113: ASS6 ASS64 ASS110 ASS56 Figure 5-9:
Page 114 and 115: Figure 5-10: Meeting of farmers’
Page 116 and 117: The best approach to spread the imp
Page 118 and 119: declining soil fertility, increasin
Page 120 and 121: In Nigeria, the small seed pack app
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Page 124 and 125: Phase I Social Sciences research in
Page 126 and 127: The consequences are that the impro
Page 128 and 129: about half of area share of land al
Page 130 and 131: Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
Page 132 and 133: single lingering bottleneck on whic
Page 134 and 135: In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
Page 136 and 137: Summary, process gains and people r
Page 138 and 139: Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
Page 140 and 141: Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
Page 142 and 143: Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
Page 144 and 145: Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
Page 146 and 147: While the fast track entries were r
Page 148 and 149: Technology generation Mechanistic s
Page 150 and 151: 60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
Page 152 and 153: Table 6-22: Yield under drought ind
Page 154 and 155: Number of degree training students
Page 156 and 157: Number of NARS technicians trained
Page 158 and 159: Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
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Impact assessment and enhancement P
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Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
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154 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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farmers for enhancing their awarene
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• Designing, testing and implemen
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Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
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Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
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Constraints in adoption of chickpea
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Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
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Identification of farmer-and-market
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Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
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Capacity building Knowledge empower
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Table 7-15: Training of local seed
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• In addition to yield, maturity
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Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
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Chickpea seed access The first majo
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Grades and standards About 75% of t
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Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
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private sector lacks the incentive
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• LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
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• Establishing functional legume
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Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
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Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
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Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
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TL II focuses on farmer-participato
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Production of Breeder, Foundation,
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Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
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(Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
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Chichewa) and Tanzania (Swahili). O
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Available technologies Although imp
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and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
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Table 10-6: Various classes of qual
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Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
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Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
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Adoption studies Adoption studies f
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3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
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Table 11-1: Preferred soybean trait
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The up-scaling program signals the
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Across districts, TGx 1740-2F out-y
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Table 11-9: Communities and famers
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Table 11-14 Average performance of
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Table 11-15: Release notes of the t
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In Nigeria, across locations mean p
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Table 11-21: Grain yield (kg per ha
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Progress in selection of Bradyrhizo
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the major soybean producing localit
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Seed Production and Delivery System
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Table 11-29: Quantity (MT) of Found
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utilization and marketing. In Niger
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Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
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250 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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