Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat

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Training course A total of four training sessions were held. In Tamil Nadu, one training program on groundnut seed production was organized for extension officials, NGOs and private seed sector people. A total of 411 officials, including 72 women, were trained in production, processing, packing, labeling and storage aspects. In Karnataka, three training programs were conducted to train a total of 82 extension officials, NGOs and private seed sector personnel on aspects of quality seed production. Farmers’ day/field day/farmers’ fair: A total of 87 field days on farmers’ fields were conducted in eight districts of both the states in which 5,456 farmers have participated. In addition, two farmer’s days and one farmer trade fair were organized at Coimbatore. A total of 2,804 and 2,727 farmers have participated in farmer’s day and farmer trade fair, respectively. In farmers days conducted by UAS- Raichur, 2,100 farmers including (100 women) participated. In Tamil Nadu, over 6000 farmers were made aware of improved groundnut varieties. A total of 1038 farmers were made aware as participant of PVS and paired comparisons and another 871 farmers were made aware of improved varieties through 18 field days conducted in farmers’ fields. In addition, 5,531 farmers were reached through state and regional farmers’ fairs. In five districts of Karnataka over 5,000 farmers were directly reached and made aware of improved varieties; 819 farmers were reached through participation in PVS and paired comparisons and another 4,585 farmers from the nearby villages visited the farmers plots where improved varieties were cultivated during 69 field days conducted over three years. Seed distribution to farmer-preferred groundnut varieties During the project period, a total of 6,505 small seed samples ranging from 2- 10 kg pods of farmerpreferred groundnut varieties were supplied to the farmers. In Tamil Nadu, a total of 626 of 10 kg seed samples, 433 of ICGV 87846 and 193 of ICGV 00351 were distributed to the farmers in the three districts. In Tumkur, Chitradurga and Chickballpur districts of southern Karnataka, 10 kg of ICGV 91114 kernels was distributed to 330 farmers including 50 women. In Bagalkot district, UAS, Dharwad over 5,000 small seed samples of ICGV 00350 and GPBD 4 were distributed to farmers. In Raichur district, 549 small seed samples of farmer-preferred groundnut varieties were distributed to the farmers over three years. Farmer awareness activities through print and electronic media Groundnut seed production manual in local languages:Two groundnut seed production manuals titled ‘Tips to produce quality seeds in groundnut’ and ‘Techniques to overcome seed viability in Rabi/Summer groundnut’ were printed in local language (Tamil) and distributed to the trainees. A total of 6,043 copies of the said manuals were distributed over three years in three districts of Tamil Nadu. Groundnut seed production manual has been published in Kannada language by UAS, Bangalore for Karnataka state and also by USA, Dharwad. UAS, Raichur published 1000 copies of seed production manual in Kannada language and distributed to trainees. Enhancing local-level awareness of released varieties: Two pamphlets on farmer-preferred groundnut varieties namely, ICGV 87846 and ICGV 00351 were printed in Tamil to distribute to the farmers in three districts of Tamil Nadu. Pamphlets on the ICGV 91114 variety identified for southern Karnataka was published in Kannada language and distributed to farmers. The farmer-preferred varieties viz., R-2001-2 and ICGV 00350 were short-listed and 5,000 copies of descriptors of these varieties were printed and distributed to farmers in Kannada language by UAS-Raichur. Local print and electronic media: In Tamil Nadu farmer awareness activities were conducted through print and electronic media in local language. Seven shows in television were telecasted covering various aspects of groundnut cultivation and improved varieties, similarly three radio talks were broadcasted and three newspaper/popular magazine articles were published for the benefit of farmers. In addition through nine press briefings new varieties and practices in groundnut were communicated to the farmers. In Karnataka, four publications in print were brought-out on various aspects of new groundnut varieties and production practices. 32 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
Enhancing Groundnut Productivity and Production in Eastern and Southern Africa Emmanuel Monyo (ICRISAT-Malawi); Albert Chamango; Francis Maideni (DARS-Malawi); Omari Mponda (DRD-Tanzania); Firmin Mizambwa (ASA-Tanzania); Manuel Amane (IIAM-Mozambique) Summary The Tropical Legumes II Project is a research and development initiative funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The project targets legumes that have high nutrients and commercial potential to fighting hunger, increasing income and improving soil fertility for the resource-poor farmers. Groundnut improvement and seed systems under this project is implemented by ICRISAT with full participation of three national programme partners in Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania for groundnut breeding and Malawi and Tanzania for groundnut seed systems. There is strong involvement of public sector, private sector and non-governmental organisations. Major aim of the partnership is to enhance groundnut production and productivity in drought-prone regions by incorporating genetic resistance/tolerance to major yield- and quality-reducing constraints, improve seed availability and thus adoption of new varieties and building the capacity of partners for better utilization of integrated legume innovations, including affordable high-quality seed. The project focuses on farmer-participatory varietal selection, developing new drought-tolerant varieties and upgrading skills and capacity of NARS, including farmers. Under seed systems, the project’s main focus is improving the availability of foundation seed; designing, testing and implementing seed production programs tailored to varying client needs; designing, testing and implementing seed delivery and marketing arrangements tailored to varying client needs; enhancing local-level capacity to produce, deliver, store and market seed; and enhancing local level awareness of released varieties. The project has recorded significant successes in all three countries. In Tanzania, variety traits preferred by farmers were documented and five new groundnut varieties were released – three of them with rosette resistance and all of them recording more than double the yields of the local varieties. In Mozambique similarly farmer-preferred variety traits were documented and six new groundnut varieties released, three early maturing with combined rosette and early leaf spot (ELS) resistance. Finally, one groundnut variety was identified for possible release in Malawi and has been placed on the pre-release list. Sustainable basic seed provision system that involved a seed revolving scheme was designed and pursued to meet the needs of basic seed provision of released varieties in Malawi. Alternative smallholder seed delivery schemes in both countries that included working through cooperative societies in Tanzania and farmer associations in Malawi; farmer field schools in both Malawi and Tanzania; and rural community structures like schools, seed villages and churches in both countries facilitated access to good quality seed. Farmer field schools approach is one of the most popular smallholder seed provision models in Malawi delivering improved groundnut seed to more than 100,000 households in that country and Tanzania over the past three years. It is estimated that the total seed produced in these two countries (if availed in 2 kg small seed packs) would benefit a total of 1,587,000 individual farmers in the two countries. Progress of Phase 1 33
Page 1 and 2: Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
Page 3: TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
Page 6 and 7: Seed Production and Delivery System
Page 8 and 9: Enhancing Pigeonpea Productivity an
Page 10 and 11: NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
Page 12 and 13: TL II was implemented in 10 target
Page 14 and 15: country governments in agricultural
Page 16 and 17: Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
Page 18 and 19: Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
Page 20 and 21: As stated earlier in this chapter,
Page 22 and 23: Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
Page 24 and 25: Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
Page 26 and 27: Project background Groundnut is one
Page 28 and 29: Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
Page 30 and 31: Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
Page 32 and 33: Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
Page 34 and 35: Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
Page 36 and 37: Infrastructure facilities For effic
Page 38 and 39: Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
Page 40 and 41: In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
Page 44 and 45: Background The yield of groundnut i
Page 46 and 47: Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
Page 48 and 49: In order of importance, the largest
Page 50 and 51: Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
Page 52 and 53: Finally, the variety choices are co
Page 54 and 55: hybridization techniques, design of
Page 56 and 57: Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
Page 58 and 59: Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
Page 60 and 61: Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
Page 62 and 63: Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
Page 64 and 65: 54 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | T
Page 66 and 67: The European Union still remains th
Page 68 and 69: Table 4-2: Proportion of households
Page 70 and 71: Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
Page 72 and 73: Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
Page 74 and 75: The use of other inputs (credit, in
Page 76 and 77: A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
Page 78 and 79: Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
Page 80 and 81: Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
Page 82 and 83: 99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
Page 84 and 85: Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
Page 86 and 87: A 10-day intensive training worksho
Page 88 and 89: Seed production of all classes A to
Page 90 and 91: Testing seed marketing strategies A
Page 92 and 93:
as Nigeria that will face the great
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100 Million hectares 80 60 40 20 0
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70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 00 03
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In Niger, changes in cowpea product
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irregular rainfall early in the cro
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Table 5-4: Cowpea breeding lines se
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Cowpea varieties released The proje
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Table 5-8: Number of days to flower
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Evaluation for phosphorus-use effic
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Figure 5-8: Reactions of some culti
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ASS6 ASS64 ASS110 ASS56 Figure 5-9:
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Figure 5-10: Meeting of farmers’
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The best approach to spread the imp
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declining soil fertility, increasin
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In Nigeria, the small seed pack app
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112 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
Page 124 and 125:
Phase I Social Sciences research in
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The consequences are that the impro
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about half of area share of land al
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Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
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single lingering bottleneck on whic
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In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
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Summary, process gains and people r
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Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
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Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
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Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
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Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
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While the fast track entries were r
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Technology generation Mechanistic s
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60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
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Table 6-22: Yield under drought ind
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Number of degree training students
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Number of NARS technicians trained
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Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
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Impact assessment and enhancement P
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Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
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Page 166 and 167:
farmers for enhancing their awarene
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• Designing, testing and implemen
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Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
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Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
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Constraints in adoption of chickpea
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Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
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Identification of farmer-and-market
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Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
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Capacity building Knowledge empower
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Table 7-15: Training of local seed
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• In addition to yield, maturity
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Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
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Chickpea seed access The first majo
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Grades and standards About 75% of t
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Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
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private sector lacks the incentive
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• LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
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• Establishing functional legume
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Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
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Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
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Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
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TL II focuses on farmer-participato
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Production of Breeder, Foundation,
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Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
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(Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
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Chichewa) and Tanzania (Swahili). O
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Available technologies Although imp
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and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
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Table 10-6: Various classes of qual
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Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
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Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
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Adoption studies Adoption studies f
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3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
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Table 11-1: Preferred soybean trait
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The up-scaling program signals the
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Across districts, TGx 1740-2F out-y
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Table 11-9: Communities and famers
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Table 11-14 Average performance of
Page 242 and 243:
Table 11-15: Release notes of the t
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In Nigeria, across locations mean p
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Table 11-21: Grain yield (kg per ha
Page 248 and 249:
Progress in selection of Bradyrhizo
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the major soybean producing localit
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Seed Production and Delivery System
Page 254 and 255:
Table 11-29: Quantity (MT) of Found
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utilization and marketing. In Niger
Page 258 and 259:
Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
Page 260:
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