Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat

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Table 1-2: continued Variety code (local name) Year Country On-farm yield (Kg per Ha) Yield advantage over check (%) ICG 9346 2010 Niger 956 52 RRB 2010 Niger 720 36 Fleur 11 2010 Niger 694 33 J11 2010 Niger 1453 68 ICGV-SM- 01711 (Nachningwea 09) Β 2009 Tanzania 1800 88 ICGV-SM-01721 (Masasi 09) Β 2009 Tanzania 1500 56 ICGV-SM-83708 (Mnanje 09) Β 2009 Tanzania 1600 78 ICGV-SM-99555 (Managaka 09) Ψ 2009 Tanzania 1400 55 ICGV-SM-99557 (Naliendele 09) Ψ 2009 Tanzania 1400 55 ICGV-SM 01513 2011 Mozambique 1450 61 ICGV-SM 01514 2011 Mozambique 1520 69 ICGV-SM 99541 2011 Mozambique 1530 70 ICGV-SM 99568 2011 Mozambique 1380 53 CG 7 2011 Mozambique 1400 56 JL 24 2011 Mozambique 1370 52 Pigeonpea ICPH 2671 (Pushkal) χ 2008 India 2500 27 ICEAP 00850 2009 Kenya 1457 12 ICEAP 00936 2009 Kenya 1380 10 ICEAP 00557 (Mwaiwathu Alimi) 2009 Malawi 1192 28 ICEAP 01514/15 2011 Malawi 1430 59 Soybean EAI 3600 2009 Kenya 1276 NA Gazelle 2009 Kenya 1149 NA Nyala 2009 Kenya 1119 NA Black Hawk 2009 Kenya 1004 NA Hill 2009 Kenya 989 NA TGx 1740-2F (DPSB8) 2010 Kenya 1000 7 TGx 1895-33F (Tikolore) 2010 Kenya 1500 8 TGx 1740-2F 2011 Malawi 2248 38 TGx 1835-10E* 2008 Nigeria 834 25 TGx 1904-6F 2009 Nigeria 3034 24 TGx 1987-10F* 2010 Nigeria 1626 9 TGx 1987-62F (DPSB19)* 2010 Nigeria 1567 5 δ desi type; λ kabuli type; Ψ Spanish type; β Virginia bunch; * resistant to rust; NA= not available 6 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
Seed Production and Delivery Systems The seed production and delivery system team has identified more than two dozen types of seed production models across target countries. Eight, eight and 10 seed production systems have been reported for Breeder/Foundation Seed, Certified Seed, and Other Quality Seed production systems in the target countries (Table 1-4). Systems varied from country to country (Figure 1-2). NARS research centers are responsible for Breeder and Foundation Seed production across target countries, with the exception of Tanzania, where public sector with contact farmers is responsible for production of these classes of seed. IARCs produce Foundation Seed (FS) directly in six of the nine target countries; public sector with contract farmers produces Foundation Seed in four of the nine countries. Individual farmers and farm groups, agricultural universities, IARCs with contract farmers, and small private seed companies also produce FS in one or more countries of the TL II target countries. Figure 1-2: Importance of seed production systems in selected countries Certified Seed (CS) is largely produced by the private sector and farmers groups, depending on the country (Table 1-4). Small-scale farmers, the public sector with contract farmers and public sector seed firms are also known to be part of the CS production system. Agricultural universities produce CS only in Nigeria. Individual seed producers are engaged in Other Quality Seed (OQS) production in seven of the nine countries (Table 1-4). Farmers’ groups/unions/cooperatives and community-based seed system farmer groups operating by themselves produce OQS in five and four of the nine countries, respectively. NGOs facilitate the production of OQS in Ethiopia and Kenya. Schools, NGOs directly, the PDKV model, farmers involved in payback system, seed village, and government supported non-certified seed production models are also practiced in one country each. It has been observed that there is no much enthusiasm by large seed companies to engage in grain legume seed production because of low margin of profit, as farmers could recycle their own saved seed for up to five years. Much attention is therefore paid to strengthening community-based and farmer level seed production systems. A total of 16 seed delivery models have been identified in the nine target countries. These too varied from country to country. Kenya (7), Ethiopia (6), and Tanzania (5) have the largest number of models; Malawi (4), India (3), Niger (3), Nigeria (3), Mali (2), and Mozambique (2) have fewer numbers, as shown in Table 1-4. Progress of Phase 1 7
Page 1 and 2: Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
Page 3: TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
Page 6 and 7: Seed Production and Delivery System
Page 8 and 9: Enhancing Pigeonpea Productivity an
Page 10 and 11: NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
Page 12 and 13: TL II was implemented in 10 target
Page 14 and 15: country governments in agricultural
Page 18 and 19: Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
Page 20 and 21: As stated earlier in this chapter,
Page 22 and 23: Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
Page 24 and 25: Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
Page 26 and 27: Project background Groundnut is one
Page 28 and 29: Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
Page 30 and 31: Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
Page 32 and 33: Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
Page 34 and 35: Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
Page 36 and 37: Infrastructure facilities For effic
Page 38 and 39: Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
Page 40 and 41: In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
Page 42 and 43: Training course A total of four tra
Page 44 and 45: Background The yield of groundnut i
Page 46 and 47: Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
Page 48 and 49: In order of importance, the largest
Page 50 and 51: Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
Page 52 and 53: Finally, the variety choices are co
Page 54 and 55: hybridization techniques, design of
Page 56 and 57: Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
Page 58 and 59: Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
Page 60 and 61: Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
Page 62 and 63: Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
Page 64 and 65: 54 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | T
Page 66 and 67:
The European Union still remains th
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Table 4-2: Proportion of households
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Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
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Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
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The use of other inputs (credit, in
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A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
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Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
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Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
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99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
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Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
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A 10-day intensive training worksho
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Seed production of all classes A to
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Testing seed marketing strategies A
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as Nigeria that will face the great
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100 Million hectares 80 60 40 20 0
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70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 00 03
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In Niger, changes in cowpea product
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irregular rainfall early in the cro
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Table 5-4: Cowpea breeding lines se
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Cowpea varieties released The proje
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Table 5-8: Number of days to flower
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Evaluation for phosphorus-use effic
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Figure 5-8: Reactions of some culti
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ASS6 ASS64 ASS110 ASS56 Figure 5-9:
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Figure 5-10: Meeting of farmers’
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The best approach to spread the imp
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declining soil fertility, increasin
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In Nigeria, the small seed pack app
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112 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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Phase I Social Sciences research in
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The consequences are that the impro
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about half of area share of land al
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Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
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single lingering bottleneck on whic
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In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
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Summary, process gains and people r
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Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
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Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
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Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
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Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
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While the fast track entries were r
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Technology generation Mechanistic s
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60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
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Table 6-22: Yield under drought ind
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Number of degree training students
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Number of NARS technicians trained
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Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
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Impact assessment and enhancement P
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Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
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farmers for enhancing their awarene
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• Designing, testing and implemen
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Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
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Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
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Constraints in adoption of chickpea
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Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
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Identification of farmer-and-market
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Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
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Capacity building Knowledge empower
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Table 7-15: Training of local seed
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• In addition to yield, maturity
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Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
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Chickpea seed access The first majo
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Grades and standards About 75% of t
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Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
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private sector lacks the incentive
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• LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
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• Establishing functional legume
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Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
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Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
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Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
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TL II focuses on farmer-participato
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Production of Breeder, Foundation,
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Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
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(Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
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Chichewa) and Tanzania (Swahili). O
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Available technologies Although imp
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and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
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Table 10-6: Various classes of qual
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Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
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Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
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Adoption studies Adoption studies f
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3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
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Table 11-1: Preferred soybean trait
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The up-scaling program signals the
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Across districts, TGx 1740-2F out-y
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Table 11-9: Communities and famers
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Table 11-14 Average performance of
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Table 11-15: Release notes of the t
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In Nigeria, across locations mean p
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Table 11-21: Grain yield (kg per ha
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Progress in selection of Bradyrhizo
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the major soybean producing localit
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Seed Production and Delivery System
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Table 11-29: Quantity (MT) of Found
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utilization and marketing. In Niger
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Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
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