Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat

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Table 11-14 Average performance of soybean genotypes for six traits in on-farm PVS mother trials in four states in Nigeria - 2010 Gonotype Grain yield (kg per ha) Fodder yield (kg per ha) Days to maturity No. of pods per plant 100 seed weight (g) Plant height (cm) TGx 1987-10F 1916 1489 86 88 12.64 38 TGx 1987-62F 1767 1368 82 75 11.05 37 TGx 1835-10E 1627 1334 78 72 13.36 32 TGx 1485-1D 1551 1316 79 66 11.82 30 NCRI Soy8 1474 1304 106 61 10.02 40 TGx 1448-2E 1905 1517 101 117 12.60 40 Mean 1707 1388 89 80 11.91 36 CV (%) 13 14 14 14 15.70 14 SE 5 4 6 7 0.16 3 Varieties released TGx 1835-10E was the first variety to be released in Nigeria in 2008, in one season PVS trials, due to its superior performance, particularly rust resistance. The Nigerian Plant Variety Release Committee in its meeting in December 2008 approved the registration and release of TGx 1835-10E for general cultivation. This is the first release of a rust-resistant variety in West and Central African countries, as well as the first release of a soybean variety in Nigeria since 1992. In an on-farm trial carried out at 13 locations in eight states, TGx 1835-10E showed a yield advantage of 25% over a rust susceptible variety TGx 1485-1D used for a long time. Subsequently, a new medium maturing variety, TGx 1904-6F, with high grain and fodder yields was released at the end of 2009 in Nigeria. TGx 1904-6F is adapted to northern Nigeria where both crop and livestock farming is practiced. This variety has a high biological nitrogen fixation capacity. TGx 1904-6F is resistant to lodging, pod shattering, Cercospora leaf spot and bacterial pustule. In Borno State, the mean grain yield of TGx 1904-6F was 3034 kg per ha whereas the previously popular variety TGx 1448-2E gave 2441 kg per ha. This variety was released in Nigeria by the National Variety Release Committee at its meeting in Ibadan on 4 December 2009. The variety was released based on its performance in northern Nigeria where soybean is gaining faster acceptability. The farmers in Borno and Kano states like this variety because it provides fodder for their animals during the dry season in addition to its high grain yield. Another two rust resistant varieties (TGx 1987-62F and TGx 1987-10F) were released in Nigeria through the approval of the Nigerian Variety Release Committee in December 2010. TGx 1987-62F and TGx 1987-10F gave an average grain yield of 1670 and 1630 kg per ha, respectively, in a two-year multi-location on-station trials in Nigeria. TGx 1987-62F and TGx 1987-10F gave 58% and 54% more grain yield, respectively, as compared to an early maturing variety TGx 1485-1D in a two-year average performance. They also surpassed the recently released variety TGx 1835-10E by 22% to 33% in grain yield in the 2009 on-station trials. These varieties mature in 96-97 days on average and are capable of producing 2.6 MT/ha fodder under on-station trials condition. Besides giving high grain yield, these varieties were resistant to soybean rust and other foliar diseases. In the 2009 multi-location trials, rust incidence was only 1.3-1.6% as compared to the susceptible variety TGx 1485-1D that showed a 22.3% incidence in the same trial. On-farm trials in four states (Kaduna, Benue, Kano and Niger) of Nigeria by 175 farmers showed that TGx 1987-10F and TGx 1987-62F gave 1626 kg per ha and 1567 kg per ha, respectively. These new varieties surpassed TGx 1485-1D by 5 - 9% in terms of grain yield. These varieties are preferred by many farmers because they smoother weeds and reduce the cost of weeding, mature early, give high yield and the seed colors are attractive. In Malawi, TGx 1740-2F was officially released on 18 January 2011 through the approval of the Malawi Agricultural Technology Clearing Committee (ATCC). TGx 1740-2F outperformed the popular varieties being grown in the country during both on-station and on-farm trials. It has proven to be a promising 230 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
variety giving high grain yields in multiple locations under on-station and on-farm trials, its capacity to nodulate under natural field conditions, and its ability to mature early. During the two-year multilocation on-station trials conducted in Malawi, the promiscuous variety gave the highest mean grain yield of 2464 kg per ha. It exceeded the grain variety Nasoko and the widely grown promiscuous variety Magoye, which were used as checks, by 10% and 32%, respectively. This variety performed equally well during on-farm PVS in four districts of central Malawi. In 2009/10 season, it out-yielded all the new types of soybean varieties under testing with the average yield of 2248 kg per ha. It also surpassed Nasoko and Magoye by 15% and 38%, respectively. The farmers had many reasons for liking it — it matures early, has more pods per plant, performs well under poor and erratic rainfall, and has better lodging resistance. It received the name ‘Tikolore’ (let us harvest) by farmers. In Kenya five soybean varieties (Nyala, Hill, Black Hawk, Gazelle, and EAI 3600) that have been used in the country for a long time were officially released and registered in April 2009 by KEPHIS. In June 2010, two dual-purpose promiscuous varieties (TGx 1740-2F and TGx 1895-33F) were released (Table 11-15). TGx 1740-2F was found to be high yielding (6.5% over the mean of checks), high biomass (1.5 - 3 MT/ha), rust tolerant, nodulates with indigenous populations of rhizobia in western Kenya, has high pod clearance (13.2 cm) and high pod load, and good for making soymilk. TGx 1895-33F also showed high yield (7.7% over the mean of checks), high biomass (2.5 - 3 MT/ha), promiscuous nodulation, high pod clearance (9.1 cm), high pod load, cream yellow seed color, large seed size and good for making soymilk. Five candidate lines (TGx 1740-2F, TGx 1908-8F, TGx 1904-6F, TGx 1937-1F, TGx 1485-1D) were submitted for registration and released in Mozambique. There is no officially released soybean variety in Mozambique so far. Soybean Breeder’s Seed production In Malawi, a total of 22.5 MT of Breeder’s Seed was produced in 2008-2010 from five varieties (Table 11-16). This seed went into foundation seed production. Seeds produced from elite breeding lines were used for experimental purposes both on-station and on-farm. Similarly, in Mozambique, 29T of Breeder’s Seed was produced over three years from more than half a dozen candidate varieties. In Nigeria the total amount over three years was 3.2 MT from nine varieties. In Kenya 8.5 MT of Breeder’s Seed was produced. Overall, the total amount of Breeder’s Seed produced from soybean across project countries and years amounted to 64 MT. Elite materials shared with NARS A total of 357 soybean genotypes were shared among partners in the past three years (Table 11-17. These materials included the ones used for fast-tracking testing where varieties were released and new lines developed with resistance to rust. Tests on these new breeding lines in Malawi at four locations (Chitedze, Mbawa, Chitala and Makoka) in 2009/10 showed that significant differences for grain yield among genotypes were observed at Chitala and Makoka (Table 11-18). However, no significant differences were observed at Chitedze and Mbawa. Higher average yield was obtained at Chitedze Research Station (2250 kg per ha), followed by Chitala (1656 kg per ha). TGx 1987-62F was the highest yielder across sites (2144 kg per ha). At Chitedze Research Station, TGx 1987-10F out-yielded all the tested lines with a grain yield amounting to 3274 kg per ha, followed by TGx 1987-62F (2919 kg per ha). At Makoka, TGx 1987-64F was the best performer with a grain yield of 1408 kg per ha, followed by TGx 1987-62F (1389 kg per ha). These are the only two lines which out-yielded the control Magoye (1161 kg per ha). TGx 1805-31F (3264 kg per ha) and TGx 1485-1D (2458 kg per ha) yielded higher than the rest of the tested lines at Mbawa Research Station while at Chitala TGx 1485-1D and TGx 1987-18F had higher yields of 2228 and 2211 kg per ha, respectively. Progress of Phase 1 231
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Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
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TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
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Seed Production and Delivery System
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Enhancing Pigeonpea Productivity an
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NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
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TL II was implemented in 10 target
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country governments in agricultural
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Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
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Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
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As stated earlier in this chapter,
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Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
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Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
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Project background Groundnut is one
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Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
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Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
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Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
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Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
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Infrastructure facilities For effic
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Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
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In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
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Training course A total of four tra
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Background The yield of groundnut i
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Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
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In order of importance, the largest
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Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
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Finally, the variety choices are co
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hybridization techniques, design of
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Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
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Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
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Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
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Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
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54 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | T
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The European Union still remains th
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Table 4-2: Proportion of households
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Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
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Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
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The use of other inputs (credit, in
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A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
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Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
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Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
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99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
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Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
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A 10-day intensive training worksho
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Seed production of all classes A to
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Testing seed marketing strategies A
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as Nigeria that will face the great
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100 Million hectares 80 60 40 20 0
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70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 00 03
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In Niger, changes in cowpea product
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irregular rainfall early in the cro
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Table 5-4: Cowpea breeding lines se
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Cowpea varieties released The proje
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Table 5-8: Number of days to flower
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Evaluation for phosphorus-use effic
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Figure 5-8: Reactions of some culti
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ASS6 ASS64 ASS110 ASS56 Figure 5-9:
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Figure 5-10: Meeting of farmers’
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The best approach to spread the imp
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declining soil fertility, increasin
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In Nigeria, the small seed pack app
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112 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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Phase I Social Sciences research in
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The consequences are that the impro
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about half of area share of land al
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Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
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single lingering bottleneck on whic
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In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
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Summary, process gains and people r
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Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
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Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
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Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
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Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
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While the fast track entries were r
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Technology generation Mechanistic s
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60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
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Table 6-22: Yield under drought ind
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Number of degree training students
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Number of NARS technicians trained
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Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
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Impact assessment and enhancement P
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Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
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154 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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farmers for enhancing their awarene
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• Designing, testing and implemen
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Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
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Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
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Constraints in adoption of chickpea
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Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
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Identification of farmer-and-market
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Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
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Capacity building Knowledge empower
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Table 7-15: Training of local seed
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• In addition to yield, maturity
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Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
Page 190 and 191: Chickpea seed access The first majo
Page 192 and 193: Grades and standards About 75% of t
Page 194 and 195: Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
Page 196 and 197: private sector lacks the incentive
Page 198 and 199: • LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
Page 200 and 201: • Establishing functional legume
Page 202 and 203: Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
Page 204 and 205: Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
Page 206 and 207: Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
Page 208 and 209: TL II focuses on farmer-participato
Page 210 and 211: Production of Breeder, Foundation,
Page 212 and 213: Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
Page 214 and 215: (Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
Page 216 and 217: Chichewa) and Tanzania (Swahili). O
Page 218 and 219: Available technologies Although imp
Page 220 and 221: and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
Page 222 and 223: Table 10-6: Various classes of qual
Page 224 and 225: Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
Page 226 and 227: Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
Page 228 and 229: Adoption studies Adoption studies f
Page 230 and 231: 3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
Page 232 and 233: Table 11-1: Preferred soybean trait
Page 234 and 235: The up-scaling program signals the
Page 236 and 237: Across districts, TGx 1740-2F out-y
Page 238 and 239: Table 11-9: Communities and famers
Page 242 and 243: Table 11-15: Release notes of the t
Page 244 and 245: In Nigeria, across locations mean p
Page 246 and 247: Table 11-21: Grain yield (kg per ha
Page 248 and 249: Progress in selection of Bradyrhizo
Page 250 and 251: the major soybean producing localit
Page 252 and 253: Seed Production and Delivery System
Page 254 and 255: Table 11-29: Quantity (MT) of Found
Page 256 and 257: utilization and marketing. In Niger
Page 258 and 259: Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
Page 260: 250 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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