Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat
Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat
Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat
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In order <strong>of</strong> importance, the largest groundnuts production regions <strong>of</strong> Tanzania are Shinyanga, Dodoma,<br />
Tabora <strong>and</strong> Mtwara accounting for over 60% <strong>of</strong> the national production. Mtwara <strong>and</strong> Western Shinyanga<br />
have slightly better rainfall distribution <strong>and</strong> can accommodate some <strong>of</strong> the medium duration Virginia<br />
groundnuts whereas Spanish early duration varieties are more adapted to the rest <strong>of</strong> the country (Figure 3-1).<br />
Figure 3-1: Groundnut area (000 ha) <strong>and</strong> production (000 MT) in Tanzania (2001/02- 2004/05)<br />
90<br />
80<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
Shinyanga Dodoma Tabora Mtwara<br />
Area<br />
Production<br />
Area<br />
Production<br />
Source: MAFSC (2005).<br />
Table 3-4 below presents area under groundnut in Mozambique. Similar to Malawi <strong>and</strong> Tanzania, there<br />
is an area increase trend from 2002 when the area was 329,000 ha to 2008 when the area reached<br />
459,000 ha. About 99% <strong>of</strong> the area under groundnut is cultivated by small-scale peasant farmers on<br />
traditional farms <strong>and</strong> the crop is important as a subsistence food crop, oil extraction, as well as source<br />
<strong>of</strong> cash. The main varieties are farmer’s local varieties, Bebiano Blanco, Mamane <strong>and</strong> Nematil. The<br />
availability <strong>of</strong> good quality seed is considered to be a pre-requisite to improve agricultural productivity.<br />
Generally, the use <strong>of</strong> inputs (including improved seed, P <strong>and</strong> K fertilizers) <strong>and</strong> equipment in agriculture<br />
is very low <strong>and</strong> this is reflected in crop yield. For southern Mozambique (Inhambane, Gaza <strong>and</strong><br />
Maputo) the focus is on high yielding short duration varieties (90 – 110 days) with resistance to ELS <strong>and</strong><br />
rust. For northern Mozambique (Nampula, Zambezia, Cabo Delgado) the major focus is on mediumduration<br />
varieties (110 – 130 days) with resistance to rosette, <strong>and</strong> ELS. For the whole country, the<br />
strategy is to provide varieties <strong>and</strong> agronomic packages targeting reduction <strong>of</strong> aflatoxin contamination.<br />
nga Dodoma Tabora Mtwara<br />
Breeding<br />
Varietal traits preferred by farmers<br />
Farmer Participatory Variety Selection (PVS) gives farmers an opportunity to select varieties from a range<br />
<strong>of</strong> near-finished materials in the breeding process, which are then proposed for release. However, this<br />
farmer participatory exercise also gives breeders the opportunity to underst<strong>and</strong> the criteria farmers<br />
use in the selection process <strong>and</strong> identify farmer <strong>and</strong> market preferences. For TL II, this activity was<br />
therefore implemented for three key reasons, namely: to identify local <strong>and</strong> market evaluative criteria<br />
for groundnut varieties, to determine the performance <strong>of</strong> promising varieties for release, <strong>and</strong> to identify<br />
farmer- <strong>and</strong> market-preferred varieties.<br />
38<br />
<strong>Engaging</strong> <strong>Smallholder</strong> <strong>Farmers</strong> | Tropical Legumes II Project