Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat

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As stated earlier in this chapter, availability and access to seed are crucial factors in the adoption of improved technologies by farmers. TL II invested significant amounts of time and efforts on this aspect during Phase 1 and will continue to further strengthen it. Nearly 93,000 MT of various classes of seed were produced during Phase 1 across countries (Table 1-4). CS and FS accounted for about 83% and 16% of the total seed production, respectively. Country wise, India and Ethiopia accounted for about 80% and 12% of the total seed produced. Considering each crop (and seeding rate in kg per ha) for common bean (100), groundnut (90), chickpea (70), soybean (60), cowpea (20), and pigeonpea (8.5), this amount of seed would be sufficient to plant a minimum of 1.3 million ha. Considering an average of 0.25 ha of the legumes per household, this would mean more than 5.2 million households. Capacity building Good progress has been made in terms of both physical and human capacity building in the NARS of target countries. Laboratory and office equipment has been purchased and submitted to the NARS; irrigation facilities for conducting research on drought tolerance have been installed or upgraded in all countries. Seed storage facilities have been renovated and are in use in the countries which needed these. A total of 37 students have registered for their MSc (26) and PhD (11) degrees in national, regional and overseas universities (Table 1-5). Six of the total students are women. Many of these have either completed their studies and joined back the national programs or are in the process of completing. Awareness raising Awareness creation has been effected through field days, demonstrations, seed fairs, agricultural shows, dealing with farmers’ research groups/farmer field schools, and distribution of small pack seed samples. TL II has been able to reach nearly 240,000 farmers during its first phase (Table 1-6). Kenya, India and Ethiopia had particular successes with reaching farmers. 10 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
Table 1-4: Various classes of seed produced (MT) in target countries under TLII (Sept 2007 – Aug 2011). Country Seed Class Total Breeder Foundation Certified Others 1 Country totals India 276 5,345 68,853 143 74,617 Ethiopia 22 7,813 3,351 178 11,365 Malawi 47 158 3,188 0 3,393 Kenya 16 953 13 314 1,296 Nigeria 0 59 513 68 640 Tanzania 22 194 263 82 561 Mozambique 0 53 495 0 548 Mali 8 54 145 44 251 Niger 1 47 172 0 220 Total 392 14,676 76,993 829 92,890 Crop totals Chickpea 188 3,279 52,289 0 55,756 Groundnut 99 2,562 23,066 241 25,968 Common bean 2 0 8,537 0 492 9,030 Soybean 7 87 776 0 871 Pigeonpea 98 109 395 96 698 Cowpea 0 101 467 0 568 Total 392 14,676 76,993 829 92,890 1 Includes quality declared seed and seed from small packs 2 Estimates based on multiplication ratio of the crop and percentage of harvest sold as seed each year Progress of Phase 1 11
Page 1 and 2: Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
Page 3: TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
Page 6 and 7: Seed Production and Delivery System
Page 8 and 9: Enhancing Pigeonpea Productivity an
Page 10 and 11: NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
Page 12 and 13: TL II was implemented in 10 target
Page 14 and 15: country governments in agricultural
Page 16 and 17: Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
Page 18 and 19: Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
Page 22 and 23: Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
Page 24 and 25: Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
Page 26 and 27: Project background Groundnut is one
Page 28 and 29: Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
Page 30 and 31: Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
Page 32 and 33: Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
Page 34 and 35: Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
Page 36 and 37: Infrastructure facilities For effic
Page 38 and 39: Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
Page 40 and 41: In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
Page 42 and 43: Training course A total of four tra
Page 44 and 45: Background The yield of groundnut i
Page 46 and 47: Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
Page 48 and 49: In order of importance, the largest
Page 50 and 51: Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
Page 52 and 53: Finally, the variety choices are co
Page 54 and 55: hybridization techniques, design of
Page 56 and 57: Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
Page 58 and 59: Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
Page 60 and 61: Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
Page 62 and 63: Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
Page 64 and 65: 54 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | T
Page 66 and 67: The European Union still remains th
Page 68 and 69: Table 4-2: Proportion of households
Page 70 and 71:
Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
Page 72 and 73:
Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
Page 74 and 75:
The use of other inputs (credit, in
Page 76 and 77:
A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
Page 78 and 79:
Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
Page 80 and 81:
Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
Page 82 and 83:
99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
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Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
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A 10-day intensive training worksho
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Seed production of all classes A to
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Testing seed marketing strategies A
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as Nigeria that will face the great
Page 94 and 95:
100 Million hectares 80 60 40 20 0
Page 96 and 97:
70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 00 03
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In Niger, changes in cowpea product
Page 100 and 101:
irregular rainfall early in the cro
Page 102 and 103:
Table 5-4: Cowpea breeding lines se
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Cowpea varieties released The proje
Page 106 and 107:
Table 5-8: Number of days to flower
Page 108 and 109:
Evaluation for phosphorus-use effic
Page 110 and 111:
Figure 5-8: Reactions of some culti
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ASS6 ASS64 ASS110 ASS56 Figure 5-9:
Page 114 and 115:
Figure 5-10: Meeting of farmers’
Page 116 and 117:
The best approach to spread the imp
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declining soil fertility, increasin
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In Nigeria, the small seed pack app
Page 122 and 123:
112 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
Page 124 and 125:
Phase I Social Sciences research in
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The consequences are that the impro
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about half of area share of land al
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Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
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single lingering bottleneck on whic
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In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
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Summary, process gains and people r
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Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
Page 140 and 141:
Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
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Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
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Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
Page 146 and 147:
While the fast track entries were r
Page 148 and 149:
Technology generation Mechanistic s
Page 150 and 151:
60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
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Table 6-22: Yield under drought ind
Page 154 and 155:
Number of degree training students
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Number of NARS technicians trained
Page 158 and 159:
Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
Page 160 and 161:
Impact assessment and enhancement P
Page 162 and 163:
Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
farmers for enhancing their awarene
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• Designing, testing and implemen
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Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
Page 172 and 173:
Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
Page 174 and 175:
Constraints in adoption of chickpea
Page 176 and 177:
Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
Page 178 and 179:
Identification of farmer-and-market
Page 180 and 181:
Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
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Capacity building Knowledge empower
Page 184 and 185:
Table 7-15: Training of local seed
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• In addition to yield, maturity
Page 188 and 189:
Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
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Chickpea seed access The first majo
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Grades and standards About 75% of t
Page 194 and 195:
Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
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private sector lacks the incentive
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• LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
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• Establishing functional legume
Page 202 and 203:
Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
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Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
Page 206 and 207:
Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
Page 208 and 209:
TL II focuses on farmer-participato
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Production of Breeder, Foundation,
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Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
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(Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
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Chichewa) and Tanzania (Swahili). O
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Available technologies Although imp
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and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
Page 222 and 223:
Table 10-6: Various classes of qual
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Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
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Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
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Adoption studies Adoption studies f
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3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
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Table 11-1: Preferred soybean trait
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The up-scaling program signals the
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Across districts, TGx 1740-2F out-y
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Table 11-9: Communities and famers
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Table 11-14 Average performance of
Page 242 and 243:
Table 11-15: Release notes of the t
Page 244 and 245:
In Nigeria, across locations mean p
Page 246 and 247:
Table 11-21: Grain yield (kg per ha
Page 248 and 249:
Progress in selection of Bradyrhizo
Page 250 and 251:
the major soybean producing localit
Page 252 and 253:
Seed Production and Delivery System
Page 254 and 255:
Table 11-29: Quantity (MT) of Found
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utilization and marketing. In Niger
Page 258 and 259:
Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
Page 260:
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