Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat

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Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ahmed, Miko I, Moutari A, Abdoulaye A, Kodio O, Mohammed SG, Echekwu CA. 2010. Characterizing village economies in major groundnut producing countries in West Africa: cases of Mali, Niger and Nigeria. ICRISAT, 89 pp. www.icrisat.org/tropicallegumesII Shiferaw BA, Kebede TA, You, L. 2008a. Technology adoption under seed access constraints and the economic impacts of improved pigeonpea varieties in Tanzania. Agricultural Economics 3: 1-15. Shiferaw B, Okello J, Muricho G, Omiti J, Silim S, Jones R. 2008b. Unlocking the Potential of High-Value Legumes in the Semi-Arid Regions: Analyses of the Pigeonpea Value Chains in Kenya. Research Report No. 1. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. 56 pp. Simtowe F, Shiferaw B, Asfaw S, Abate T, Monyo E, Siambi M Muricho G. 2009. Socio-economic assessment of baseline pigeonpea and groundnut production conditions, farmer technology choice, market linkages, institutions and poverty in rural Malawi. ICRISAT, 127 pp. www.icrisat.org/tropicallegumesII Suhasini P, Kiresur VR, Rao, GDN, Bantilan MCS. 2009a. Adoption of chickpea varieties in Andhra Pradesh: pattern, trends and constraints. ICRISAT, 67 pp. www.icrisat.org/tropicallegumesII Suhasini, P, Kiresur VR, Rao GDN, Bantilan MCS. 2009b. Baseline assessment of chickpea for Andhra Pradesh state in India. Baseline research report for Tropical Legumes-II. ICRISAT, 150 pp. www.icrisat.org/tropicallegumesII Thirtle C, Lin L, Piesse J. 2003. The impact of research-led agricultural productivity growth on poverty reduction in Africa, Asia and Latin America. World Development 31(12):1959-1975. 14 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
Enhancing Groundnut Productivity and Production in India P Vindhiya Varman (TNAU-Coimbatore), KP Viswanatha (UAS–Bangalore), HL Nadaf (UAS-Dharwad), CR Konda (UAS-Raichur), SN Nigam (ICRISAT-Patancheru), P Janila (ICRISAT-Patancheru) Breeding Summary This report highlights the progress made during the last three years of project implementation in India, where it is implemented in two states, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Cultivation of obsolete varieties and non-availability of quality seed are identified as major constraints for groundnut productivity in these states. The major activities under this project are focused on farmers’ participatory variety selection (PVS), crop improvement, and capacity building. Significant achievements have been made in all the areas. PVS trials were conducted in three districts of Tamil Nadu and five districts of Karnataka. A total of 635 PVS and 1,222 paired comparison trials were conducted during the project period. From the results of these trials in the two states, nine improved varieties were identified; the PVS method enabled adoption and spread of new varieties in the target districts. Further spread of these varieties is fuelled by creating awareness among the farmers through 87 field days conducted in the last three years, in which 5,456 farmers participated and visited the demonstration plots in farmers’ fields. Awareness is also created through publications; one booklet and seven pamphlets/leaflets on various aspects of groundnut in local languages were published and distributed to farmers. The nucleus and breeder seed production programs at state universities were supported to enable increased seed production and also entry of improved varieties into seed chain with concomitant phasing out of obsolete varieties. During the project period a total of 159.09 MT of nucleus and breeder seed were produced by formal seed sector in both the states. The breeding activities at partner centers are strengthened, first through supply of about 270 new breeding lines by ICRISAT to the NARS during the three year period. Evaluation trials of these new lines were conducted at partner locations and superior lines were identified based on their performance. Second, through infrastructure strengthening; hybridization facilities were strengthened at one partner center in Karnataka, ARS, Chintamani and appropriate phenotyping facilities were established at three research centers, viz., Coimbatore and Tindivanam in Tamil Nadu and Raichur in Karnataka for efficient screening of breeding material for foliar diseases and drought. Significant progress has been made at partner centers in breeding activities. Over 200 fresh crosses were completed during the same period by partner centers with various objectives such as improving foliar disease resistance, yield, and oil quality; segregating generations (F 2 –F 7 ) derived from 259 cross combinations were studied and selections made during the same period. Under capacity building, two students (one MSc and one PhD) have successfully completed their research and submitted their thesis under this project. Two scientists and six technicians were also trained at ICRISAT. Over 5000 farmers were made aware of improved varieties by directly reaching them either through VPS and comparison trials (1,602 farmers) or through farmers visit to the trial plots on field days (5,456 farmers). More than 10000 farmers have received farmer-friendly literature in local languages with information on new PVS and groundnut production aspects. Progress of Phase 1 15
Page 1 and 2: Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
Page 3: TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
Page 6 and 7: Seed Production and Delivery System
Page 8 and 9: Enhancing Pigeonpea Productivity an
Page 10 and 11: NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
Page 12 and 13: TL II was implemented in 10 target
Page 14 and 15: country governments in agricultural
Page 16 and 17: Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
Page 18 and 19: Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
Page 20 and 21: As stated earlier in this chapter,
Page 22 and 23: Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
Page 26 and 27: Project background Groundnut is one
Page 28 and 29: Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
Page 30 and 31: Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
Page 32 and 33: Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
Page 34 and 35: Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
Page 36 and 37: Infrastructure facilities For effic
Page 38 and 39: Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
Page 40 and 41: In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
Page 42 and 43: Training course A total of four tra
Page 44 and 45: Background The yield of groundnut i
Page 46 and 47: Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
Page 48 and 49: In order of importance, the largest
Page 50 and 51: Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
Page 52 and 53: Finally, the variety choices are co
Page 54 and 55: hybridization techniques, design of
Page 56 and 57: Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
Page 58 and 59: Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
Page 60 and 61: Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
Page 62 and 63: Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
Page 64 and 65: 54 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | T
Page 66 and 67: The European Union still remains th
Page 68 and 69: Table 4-2: Proportion of households
Page 70 and 71: Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
Page 72 and 73: Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
Page 74 and 75:
The use of other inputs (credit, in
Page 76 and 77:
A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
Page 78 and 79:
Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
Page 80 and 81:
Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
Page 82 and 83:
99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
Page 84 and 85:
Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
Page 86 and 87:
A 10-day intensive training worksho
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Seed production of all classes A to
Page 90 and 91:
Testing seed marketing strategies A
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as Nigeria that will face the great
Page 94 and 95:
100 Million hectares 80 60 40 20 0
Page 96 and 97:
70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 00 03
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In Niger, changes in cowpea product
Page 100 and 101:
irregular rainfall early in the cro
Page 102 and 103:
Table 5-4: Cowpea breeding lines se
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Cowpea varieties released The proje
Page 106 and 107:
Table 5-8: Number of days to flower
Page 108 and 109:
Evaluation for phosphorus-use effic
Page 110 and 111:
Figure 5-8: Reactions of some culti
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ASS6 ASS64 ASS110 ASS56 Figure 5-9:
Page 114 and 115:
Figure 5-10: Meeting of farmers’
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The best approach to spread the imp
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declining soil fertility, increasin
Page 120 and 121:
In Nigeria, the small seed pack app
Page 122 and 123:
112 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
Page 124 and 125:
Phase I Social Sciences research in
Page 126 and 127:
The consequences are that the impro
Page 128 and 129:
about half of area share of land al
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Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
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single lingering bottleneck on whic
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In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
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Summary, process gains and people r
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Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
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Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
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Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
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Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
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While the fast track entries were r
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Technology generation Mechanistic s
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60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
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Table 6-22: Yield under drought ind
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Number of degree training students
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Number of NARS technicians trained
Page 158 and 159:
Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
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Impact assessment and enhancement P
Page 162 and 163:
Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
farmers for enhancing their awarene
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• Designing, testing and implemen
Page 170 and 171:
Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
Page 172 and 173:
Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
Page 174 and 175:
Constraints in adoption of chickpea
Page 176 and 177:
Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
Page 178 and 179:
Identification of farmer-and-market
Page 180 and 181:
Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
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Capacity building Knowledge empower
Page 184 and 185:
Table 7-15: Training of local seed
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• In addition to yield, maturity
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Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
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Chickpea seed access The first majo
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Grades and standards About 75% of t
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Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
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private sector lacks the incentive
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• LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
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• Establishing functional legume
Page 202 and 203:
Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
Page 204 and 205:
Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
Page 206 and 207:
Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
Page 208 and 209:
TL II focuses on farmer-participato
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Production of Breeder, Foundation,
Page 212 and 213:
Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
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(Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
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Chichewa) and Tanzania (Swahili). O
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Available technologies Although imp
Page 220 and 221:
and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
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Table 10-6: Various classes of qual
Page 224 and 225:
Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
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Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
Page 228 and 229:
Adoption studies Adoption studies f
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3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
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Table 11-1: Preferred soybean trait
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The up-scaling program signals the
Page 236 and 237:
Across districts, TGx 1740-2F out-y
Page 238 and 239:
Table 11-9: Communities and famers
Page 240 and 241:
Table 11-14 Average performance of
Page 242 and 243:
Table 11-15: Release notes of the t
Page 244 and 245:
In Nigeria, across locations mean p
Page 246 and 247:
Table 11-21: Grain yield (kg per ha
Page 248 and 249:
Progress in selection of Bradyrhizo
Page 250 and 251:
the major soybean producing localit
Page 252 and 253:
Seed Production and Delivery System
Page 254 and 255:
Table 11-29: Quantity (MT) of Found
Page 256 and 257:
utilization and marketing. In Niger
Page 258 and 259:
Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
Page 260:
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