Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat
Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat
Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat
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3.5<br />
Yields (Tonnes/hectare)<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.5<br />
0.0<br />
70-79 80-89 90-99 00-09<br />
North Africa North America Asia Nigeria<br />
South Africa Ug<strong>and</strong>a South America<br />
Source: Authors using FAO data<br />
Figure 11-2: Trends in Soybeans yield across the world (1970 – 2009)<br />
Soybean output increased significantly from an average <strong>of</strong> about 60 million MT in the 1970s to about<br />
200 million MT in the 2000s. In the last four decades, production has been growing at 4.7% per annum.<br />
In the 2000s, South America accounted for 90 million MT (44% <strong>of</strong> global production), followed by<br />
North America, which accounted for 82 million MT (41% <strong>of</strong> global production). Asia ranked third<br />
at 23 million MT (13% <strong>of</strong> global production). In South America, the major producers are Brazil <strong>and</strong><br />
Argentina which account for 24% <strong>and</strong> 17% <strong>of</strong> global production. In North America, the United States<br />
accounts for almost all the output <strong>and</strong> produces about 40% <strong>of</strong> global production. Thus, the US, Brazil<br />
<strong>and</strong> Argentina account for over 80% <strong>of</strong> global production. Africa accounts for 1.2 million MT (about<br />
1% <strong>of</strong> global production) annually.<br />
In the last four decades South America had the highest average annual growth rate <strong>of</strong> 12% <strong>and</strong> succeeded<br />
in increasing its share <strong>of</strong> global production from 13% in the 1970s to 44% in the 2000s. North America<br />
which had the highest share <strong>of</strong> 68% in the 1970s grew at 4% <strong>and</strong> had a lower share <strong>of</strong> 41% by the<br />
2000s. Asia also experienced a reduction in its share from 16% in the 1970s to 13% in the 2000s. Africa<br />
with 8% annual growth rate increased its share from .3% in the 1970s to .6% in the 2000s. Thus there<br />
has not been any significant change in Africa’s share <strong>of</strong> world soybean output which has remained at<br />
less than 1% since the 1970s.<br />
Within Africa, Nigeria, South Africa <strong>and</strong> Ug<strong>and</strong>a account for about 43%, 22%, <strong>and</strong> 13% <strong>of</strong> its production<br />
respectively, implying that Nigeria is the continent’s leading soybean producer contributing about 0.5<br />
million MT <strong>of</strong> soybean to total world production. South Africa <strong>and</strong> Ug<strong>and</strong>a produce about .3 <strong>and</strong> .2<br />
million MT respectively. These 3 countries account for about 80% <strong>of</strong> soybeans production in Africa.<br />
Among the 3, South Africa experienced the highest growth rate <strong>of</strong> 25% with production increasing from<br />
7,700 MT in 1970 to 516,000 in 2009. Ug<strong>and</strong>a had a growth rate <strong>of</strong> 14% with production increasing<br />
from 5000 MT in 1970 to 180,000 in 2009. Nigeria also had a high growth rate <strong>of</strong> 9% with production<br />
increasing from 58000 MT in 1970 to 573,863 MT in 2009.<br />
In Nigeria, adaptation <strong>and</strong> successful incorporation <strong>of</strong> soybeans into the maize-based cropping<br />
system, local dishes, <strong>and</strong> family diets were instrumental to the increase in soybean production while<br />
development <strong>of</strong> simple methods <strong>of</strong> soybean processing for home consumption also played a key role<br />
just like the response to the needs <strong>of</strong> local markets, supported by pr<strong>of</strong>itability. In Nigeria, Benue State<br />
has the longest history <strong>of</strong> soybean cultivation <strong>and</strong> it is estimated that the state accounts for over 70%<br />
<strong>of</strong> soybean production. Although Africa lags behind the rest <strong>of</strong> the world in soybean production, since<br />
220<br />
<strong>Engaging</strong> <strong>Smallholder</strong> <strong>Farmers</strong> | Tropical Legumes II Project