Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat
Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat
Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat
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Seed Production <strong>and</strong> Delivery Systems<br />
Summary<br />
Soybean is among the major industrial <strong>and</strong> food crops grown on every continent. The crop can be<br />
successfully grown in many areas using low agricultural inputs. Soybean cultivation in Africa has<br />
exp<strong>and</strong>ed as a result <strong>of</strong> its nutritive <strong>and</strong> economic importance <strong>and</strong> diverse domestic usage. It is also a<br />
prime source <strong>of</strong> vegetable oil in the international market. Soybean has an average protein content <strong>of</strong><br />
40% <strong>and</strong> is more protein-rich than any <strong>of</strong> the common vegetable or animal food sources found in the<br />
world. Soybean seeds also contain about 20% oil on a dry matter basis, <strong>and</strong> this is 85% unsaturated<br />
<strong>and</strong> cholesterol-free. Generally, soybean is emerging as an important feed, food as well as raw material<br />
for producing high-quality protein products, which is currently grown on 1.5 million ha in Africa. In the<br />
last five years, soybean area has been increasing at an average <strong>of</strong> 5% per year whilst total production<br />
has been increasing at a rate <strong>of</strong> 7% per year in Africa. Such an increase has not been sufficient to satisfy<br />
the dem<strong>and</strong> for soybean on the continent. Africa imports soybean grain <strong>and</strong> its products worth about<br />
one billion dollars every year. Hence, emphasis should be given to this crop to increase its productivity<br />
<strong>and</strong> production in Africa <strong>and</strong> narrow the gap between dem<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> supply.<br />
Soybean production is constrained by unavailability <strong>of</strong> improved varieties. A number <strong>of</strong> improved highyielding<br />
soybean varieties have been developed but these have not reached many farmers. The major<br />
impediments in soybean adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa are lack <strong>of</strong> awareness on processing <strong>and</strong><br />
utilization, low yield, lack <strong>of</strong> market linkage with processors <strong>and</strong> consumers, weak policy support, lack<br />
<strong>of</strong> high quality seed, <strong>and</strong> low product prices. This project is making efforts to address these issues based<br />
on the experience <strong>of</strong> IITA in West Africa <strong>and</strong> that <strong>of</strong> TSBF-CIAT in western Kenya. It is believed that<br />
soybean production will increase as more farmers become aware <strong>of</strong> the potential <strong>of</strong> the crop through<br />
enhanced seed delivery systems.<br />
The activities in this project are focused on soybean value chain system to enhance the adoption <strong>and</strong><br />
use <strong>of</strong> improved varieties by farmers.<br />
The project goal was to improve sustainability <strong>of</strong> soybean seed production <strong>and</strong> delivery systems that<br />
will reach the smallholder farmers in drought-prone areas <strong>of</strong> Sub-Saharan Africa through interventions<br />
designed to:<br />
• Facilitate Foundation Seed production;<br />
• Facilitate Certified Seed production;<br />
• Promote <strong>and</strong> strengthen seed/input marketing through linkages to private seed companies;<br />
• Create awareness to popularize improved stress-tolerant soybean varieties; <strong>and</strong><br />
• Build capacity <strong>of</strong> stakeholders for implementation <strong>of</strong> the activities.<br />
Increased seed production<br />
By the completion <strong>of</strong> Phase 1, the project directly supported a total <strong>of</strong> 1,856 farmers which included<br />
both men <strong>and</strong> women that were involved in on-farm demonstrations to popularize improved soybean<br />
varieties in the participating countries. Field observations have shown widespread adoption <strong>of</strong> new<br />
varieties <strong>of</strong> soybean, a substantial increase in yields, as well as an increase in food security <strong>and</strong> reduction<br />
in poverty. <strong>Farmers</strong> have reported that problems relating to access to improved seed, low soil fertility<br />
<strong>and</strong> Striga infestation were being solved, but would require continued support to ensure such problems<br />
do not recur. Problems <strong>of</strong> input availability, especially fertilizer, although addressed still remain but<br />
require improved policies to address farmer concerns. Livelihoods have improved through better food<br />
security <strong>and</strong> nutrition, reduced poverty, <strong>and</strong> an increased ability to pay other costs. A strong gender<br />
dimension <strong>and</strong> special support to empower women involved a group <strong>of</strong> women groups, with special<br />
initiatives for soybean processing, value adding, household utilization <strong>and</strong> marketing to processors.<br />
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<strong>Engaging</strong> <strong>Smallholder</strong> <strong>Farmers</strong> | Tropical Legumes II Project