Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The up-scaling program signals the public sector efforts to improve the production and distribution of basic seed of soybean. As opposed to past basic seed production initiatives, the up-scaling program is more organized. For instance, the varieties that are multiplied under this program are chosen based on farmer and consumer preferences and the seed production is undertaken by farmers with inspection and other technical support from the Seed Services Unit. Certified seed production and demand in Malawi Production of soybean seed is concentrated in the main soybean producing areas of Lilongwe, Kasungu, and Mzuzu. The main actors in soybean seed production in Malawi are the Association of Small- Scale Seed Multipliers Action Groups (ASSMAG) and SeedCo. ASSMAG is a farmer-owned rural seed production and marketing organization in Malawi and was formed in 2001 as a successor to the National Smallholder Seed Producer Association (NASSPA). All certified seed produced under ASSMAG is bulked and sold to NGOs (World Vision International-Malawi, Action Relief, Christian Health Association of Malawi, Catholic Development Commission of Malawi) that either distribute it for free or under a revolving credit scheme. The main soybean seed producing associations are Mzuzu, Bua, and Chigwa in Mzuzu, Kasungu, and Salima Agricultural Development Divisions (ADDs), respectively. In 2007, ASSMAG accounted for 95% of total certified soybean seed production in Malawi. On the other hand, SeedCo is a private seed company that is involved in production and distribution of soybean seed in Malawi—registered in 1999 and started operations in 2000. The company produces seed of two varieties (Soprano and Solitaire). These varieties were developed by SeedCo–Zimbabwe and released in Malawi in August 2003. SeedCo produced about 111 MT in 2005 and 300 MT in 2006—both through its out-growers. In 2006, SeedCo accounted for about 50% of total soybean seed production in Malawi. Figure 11-3: Soybean seed production in Malawi, 2000–2007 Soybean seed production in Malawi has exhibited significant fluctuation over the period 2000–2007 (Figure 11-3). Production increased from only 122 MT in 2000 to 767 MT in 2001, but then declined sharply to almost 50 MT in 2003. The sharp increase in seed production in 2001 was largely due largely to: (1) community-based seed production initiatives involving NASSPA with funding from foreign sources (e.g., European Union), and (2) seed production by Monsanto. Seed systems in Mozambique Soybean seed multiplication is solely undertaken by community-based associations that are members of IKURU. IKURU is a farmer-owned commercial entity that works with local out grower associations for cowpea and soybean in Nampula and Zambezia. It procures basic seed of cowpea—mainly IT- 18—from the Basic Seed Unit of IIAM (USEBA) and basic seed of soybean—mainly Santa Rosa and 224 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
Storm—from seed companies in Zambia and distributes it to farmers through the affiliate associations. All the seed multiplied under this scheme is sold to IKURU after it has been thoroughly cleaned and treated with actellic dust. The seed is later sold to agro-dealers, government projects, and NGOs at a whole sale price while part of it is sold on the retail market through IKURU retail shops. In a situation where most of the farmers rely on their own farm-saved, recycled seed, lack of effective improved seed demand will continue to be a critical constraint to the development of the seed sector. There is no premium price for improved seed and hence seed subsidies may need to form part of the overall strategy to promote adoption of improved varieties. Seed credit or subsidies, coupled with greater popularization activities, is thus needed to create awareness and market demand for improved seed. Apart from lack of economic access, many farmers also have neither the information nor the physical access to improved seed. Therefore, improved access to credit, extension, and information and market infrastructure would be a key component of an overall strategy aimed at enhancing farmer access to improved seed and other complementary inputs. Human capacity building Number of trained technicians and enumerators in West Africa Countries Enumerators Technicians Total Nigeria 60 6 66 Niger 20 2 22 Mali 20 2 22 Total 100 10 110 More than 40 enumerators in total or 20 enumerators per country were trained in baseline surveys methodology and questionnaires-seed systems analysis and early adoption of improved varieties. Major lessons learned The majors lessons learnt from the implementation of TL II –Objective 1 are: • Capacity building of scientists in socio-economic tools and methodologies needs to be strengthened; • Strengthening NARS partners in economic analysis, and related novel methodologies; • More focus on value chain approach which is well integrate both varieties/seeds; crop management; IPM; benefits and costs; and impacts ; • Strengthen the capital of knowledge and information for on-going countries and train actors from other countries on these experiences. Fast-Track Testing of Soybean Elite Lines PVS has been carried out in five project countries (Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Kenya and Tanzania) using available varieties and elite lines of soybean to fast track the release and availability of varieties with the shortest possible time. In Malawi PVS trials started in 2007/08 with three released varieties in the country. Of the three varieties, Ocepara-4 gave the highest grain and fodder yields (Table 11-3). In the second year, PVS trials were carried out using new lines from fast-tracking. Among the new test lines, TGx 1740-2F gave the highest on-farm yield of 1415 kg per ha across three districts of Malawi (Table 11-4). The widely grown check variety (Magoye) gave 733 kg per ha in the same trial. In the third year PVS trial, differences among genotypes were significant in all districts of Malawi (Table 11-5). On average, high on-farm yield was obtained from Dowa (2364 kg per ha) followed by Lilongwe (2216 kg per ha) and Dedza (1652 kg per ha). Similar to the previous year trial, TGx 1740-2F gave a consistently high grain yield in all districts. Progress of Phase 1 225
Page 1 and 2:
Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
Page 3:
TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
Page 6 and 7:
Seed Production and Delivery System
Page 8 and 9:
Enhancing Pigeonpea Productivity an
Page 10 and 11:
NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
Page 12 and 13:
TL II was implemented in 10 target
Page 14 and 15:
country governments in agricultural
Page 16 and 17:
Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
Page 18 and 19:
Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
Page 20 and 21:
As stated earlier in this chapter,
Page 22 and 23:
Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
Page 24 and 25:
Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
Page 26 and 27:
Project background Groundnut is one
Page 28 and 29:
Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
Page 30 and 31:
Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
Page 32 and 33:
Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
Page 34 and 35:
Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
Page 36 and 37:
Infrastructure facilities For effic
Page 38 and 39:
Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
Page 40 and 41:
In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
Page 42 and 43:
Training course A total of four tra
Page 44 and 45:
Background The yield of groundnut i
Page 46 and 47:
Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
Page 48 and 49:
In order of importance, the largest
Page 50 and 51:
Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
Page 52 and 53:
Finally, the variety choices are co
Page 54 and 55:
hybridization techniques, design of
Page 56 and 57:
Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
Page 58 and 59:
Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
Page 60 and 61:
Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
Page 62 and 63:
Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
Page 64 and 65:
54 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | T
Page 66 and 67:
The European Union still remains th
Page 68 and 69:
Table 4-2: Proportion of households
Page 70 and 71:
Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
Page 72 and 73:
Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
Page 74 and 75:
The use of other inputs (credit, in
Page 76 and 77:
A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
Page 78 and 79:
Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
Page 80 and 81:
Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
Page 82 and 83:
99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
Page 84 and 85:
Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
Page 86 and 87:
A 10-day intensive training worksho
Page 88 and 89:
Seed production of all classes A to
Page 90 and 91:
Testing seed marketing strategies A
Page 92 and 93:
as Nigeria that will face the great
Page 94 and 95:
100 Million hectares 80 60 40 20 0
Page 96 and 97:
70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 00 03
Page 98 and 99:
In Niger, changes in cowpea product
Page 100 and 101:
irregular rainfall early in the cro
Page 102 and 103:
Table 5-4: Cowpea breeding lines se
Page 104 and 105:
Cowpea varieties released The proje
Page 106 and 107:
Table 5-8: Number of days to flower
Page 108 and 109:
Evaluation for phosphorus-use effic
Page 110 and 111:
Figure 5-8: Reactions of some culti
Page 112 and 113:
ASS6 ASS64 ASS110 ASS56 Figure 5-9:
Page 114 and 115:
Figure 5-10: Meeting of farmers’
Page 116 and 117:
The best approach to spread the imp
Page 118 and 119:
declining soil fertility, increasin
Page 120 and 121:
In Nigeria, the small seed pack app
Page 122 and 123:
112 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
Page 124 and 125:
Phase I Social Sciences research in
Page 126 and 127:
The consequences are that the impro
Page 128 and 129:
about half of area share of land al
Page 130 and 131:
Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
Page 132 and 133:
single lingering bottleneck on whic
Page 134 and 135:
In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
Page 136 and 137:
Summary, process gains and people r
Page 138 and 139:
Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
Page 140 and 141:
Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
Page 142 and 143:
Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
Page 144 and 145:
Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
Page 146 and 147:
While the fast track entries were r
Page 148 and 149:
Technology generation Mechanistic s
Page 150 and 151:
60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
Page 152 and 153:
Table 6-22: Yield under drought ind
Page 154 and 155:
Number of degree training students
Page 156 and 157:
Number of NARS technicians trained
Page 158 and 159:
Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
Page 160 and 161:
Impact assessment and enhancement P
Page 162 and 163:
Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
Page 164 and 165:
154 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
Page 166 and 167:
farmers for enhancing their awarene
Page 168 and 169:
• Designing, testing and implemen
Page 170 and 171:
Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
Page 172 and 173:
Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
Page 174 and 175:
Constraints in adoption of chickpea
Page 176 and 177:
Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
Page 178 and 179:
Identification of farmer-and-market
Page 180 and 181:
Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
Page 182 and 183:
Capacity building Knowledge empower
Page 184 and 185: Table 7-15: Training of local seed
Page 186 and 187: • In addition to yield, maturity
Page 188 and 189: Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
Page 190 and 191: Chickpea seed access The first majo
Page 192 and 193: Grades and standards About 75% of t
Page 194 and 195: Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
Page 196 and 197: private sector lacks the incentive
Page 198 and 199: • LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
Page 200 and 201: • Establishing functional legume
Page 202 and 203: Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
Page 204 and 205: Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
Page 206 and 207: Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
Page 208 and 209: TL II focuses on farmer-participato
Page 210 and 211: Production of Breeder, Foundation,
Page 212 and 213: Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
Page 214 and 215: (Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
Page 216 and 217: Chichewa) and Tanzania (Swahili). O
Page 218 and 219: Available technologies Although imp
Page 220 and 221: and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
Page 222 and 223: Table 10-6: Various classes of qual
Page 224 and 225: Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
Page 226 and 227: Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
Page 228 and 229: Adoption studies Adoption studies f
Page 230 and 231: 3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
Page 232 and 233: Table 11-1: Preferred soybean trait
Page 236 and 237: Across districts, TGx 1740-2F out-y
Page 238 and 239: Table 11-9: Communities and famers
Page 240 and 241: Table 11-14 Average performance of
Page 242 and 243: Table 11-15: Release notes of the t
Page 244 and 245: In Nigeria, across locations mean p
Page 246 and 247: Table 11-21: Grain yield (kg per ha
Page 248 and 249: Progress in selection of Bradyrhizo
Page 250 and 251: the major soybean producing localit
Page 252 and 253: Seed Production and Delivery System
Page 254 and 255: Table 11-29: Quantity (MT) of Found
Page 256 and 257: utilization and marketing. In Niger
Page 258 and 259: Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
Page 260: 250 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
show all

Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?