Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat

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Awareness activities Farmers’ field days, bulletins, news media (both electronic/digital and print) coverage, farmers’ assessments, processing and utilization were used to disseminate the technologies. Information bulletin on various aspects of pigeonpea production, insect pest management, post harvest processing and utilization in Kiswahili “Kilimo Bora Cha Mbaazi” produced and distributed to farmers and other stakeholders during visits to Institute, farmers’ field days, farmers assessments, nane nane Agricultural shows in Tanzania. The annual nane nane (meaning the eighth day of eighth month in Swahili) agricultural and livestock products and services show organized by the Tanzania Agricultural Society (TASO) coincides with farmers’ day, a national holiday in Tanzania, on 8 August. A manual for pigeonpea production in Malawi was published in English and Chichewa. Flyers describing pigeonpea printed in Chichewa and Swahili and distributed to farmers in project sites (more than 5,000 flyers). Training of extension personnel Seventy two MOA and NGO staff members were trained as master trainers on pigeonpea production technology, seed storage, business skills, and value chain (Table 10-12). Table 10-12: Details of participation in production technology training Country Training focus Participants Tanzania Techniques for scaling up and scaling out of improved pigeon peas varieties safe storage, PVS approach and facilitation, basic data 22 extension officers from Babati and Karatu Districts trained during planting of PVS and demos collection skills ToT training on Business skills and Value Chain 14 stakeholders from research, extension, agro-dealers, NGOs, Agricultural Sector Marketing Programs, farmers’ organizations Malawi A ToT on legumes seed production and marketing Pigeonpea on-farm trial conduction, crop management which includes quality seed production. 15 people including 5 women, representing researchers, research technicians, seed producers, extension specialists, agro-dealers and NGOs 50 frontline extension staff which includes 43 men and 7 women Training of scientists Stephen Lyimo from Selian Agricultural Research Institute (Arusha) and Geoffrey AD Kananji from Chitedze Agricultural Research Station-Lilongwe visited ICRISAT. Stephen Lyimo made a visit during Dec 2009 to collaborating institutions and farmers in India to familiarize with legume management technologies in general and pigeonpea and chickpea in particular including seed production, processing and utilization, and marketing. Similarly, Dr. Geoffrey Kananji visited ICRISAT Headquarters in January 2010 for training in pigeonpea breeding and crop management (Table 10-13). Table 10-13: Details of training participants from ESA Name Country Affiliation Year Stephen Lyimo Tanzania SARI-Arusha Dec 2009 Kananji GAD Malawi CARS-Lilongwe Jan 2010 Degree students One PhD student, Maryanna Maryanga Mayomba from Tanzania registered with Sokoine University working on pigeonpea for her PhD. 214 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
Lessons learned • The individual farmers are often reluctant to become seed growers due to lack of capabilities for seed processing and storage and difficulties in marketing. Community Seed Producer Associations may be promoted which will have better access to seed processing and storage facilities and marketing; • Pigeonpea is a often cross pollinated crop because of insect(honey bees) pollination and finding appropriate isolation distance (500 m) for seed production has proved to be most difficult task. This situation further aggravated by stray and self sown pigeonpea plants, pigeonpea growing in backyards, homesteads, and social factors; • Seasonal fluctuations in the preference for pigeonpea crop among the farmers and there by inconsistent seed demand over years; • Farmers’ awareness on improved varieties and seed availability of improved varieties are the key factors in spread of improved pigeonpea varieties; • Conduct of PVS, field days and seed fairs are very effective in awareness creation among farmers about new varieties and generate sustained seed demand; • Lack of proper cleaning, grading and storage facilities hampers seed production by individual farmers; • The farmers were very keen to take up seed production provided arrangement was made for assured procurement of seed; • Sustainable seed production by smallholders stands a better chance of success if complimented by functional seed and product markets; • Project interventions should focus on pro-poor seed production and delivery systems that have a better chance of surviving beyond the lifespan of the project; • Need for faster varietal testing and release systems in ESA to enhance the spectrum of varieties available to farmers; • Business-oriented small holder farmers perform better in seed production, storage, and dissemination than food security-oriented farmers, hence these group of farmers should be involved in seed systems; • Limited number of research and seed technicians available in ESA also hampers progress of seed dissemination; • Efficient linkages between formal and informal seed systems are critical success factors; • Seed production under assured growing conditions to harvest assured seed; and • Knowledge empowerment of progressive farmers so that they can take up seed production. Vision for second phase • The activities will be expanded to new districts within the existing zones/regions in Tanzania and Malawi. In Uganda, as a new country in phase 2 project activities will be carried out in Kitgum and Lira districts of Northern Uganda; • Establishing functional legume value-chains to stimulate seed demand; • Seed production manuals published, awareness created through PVS, new varietal releases – fosters better seed systems in second phase; • Strengthening linkages between researchers, seed producers, agro-dealers, private large scale entrepreneurs; Progress of Phase 1 215
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Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
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TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
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Seed Production and Delivery System
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Enhancing Pigeonpea Productivity an
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NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
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TL II was implemented in 10 target
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country governments in agricultural
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Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
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Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
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As stated earlier in this chapter,
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Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
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Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
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Project background Groundnut is one
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Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
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Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
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Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
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Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
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Infrastructure facilities For effic
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Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
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In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
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Training course A total of four tra
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Background The yield of groundnut i
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Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
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In order of importance, the largest
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Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
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Finally, the variety choices are co
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hybridization techniques, design of
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Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
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Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
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Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
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Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
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54 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | T
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The European Union still remains th
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Table 4-2: Proportion of households
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Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
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Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
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The use of other inputs (credit, in
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A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
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Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
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Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
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99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
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Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
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A 10-day intensive training worksho
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Seed production of all classes A to
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Testing seed marketing strategies A
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as Nigeria that will face the great
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100 Million hectares 80 60 40 20 0
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70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 00 03
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In Niger, changes in cowpea product
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irregular rainfall early in the cro
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Table 5-4: Cowpea breeding lines se
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Cowpea varieties released The proje
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Table 5-8: Number of days to flower
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Evaluation for phosphorus-use effic
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Figure 5-8: Reactions of some culti
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ASS6 ASS64 ASS110 ASS56 Figure 5-9:
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Figure 5-10: Meeting of farmers’
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The best approach to spread the imp
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declining soil fertility, increasin
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In Nigeria, the small seed pack app
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112 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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Phase I Social Sciences research in
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The consequences are that the impro
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about half of area share of land al
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Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
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single lingering bottleneck on whic
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In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
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Summary, process gains and people r
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Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
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Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
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Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
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Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
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While the fast track entries were r
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Technology generation Mechanistic s
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60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
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Table 6-22: Yield under drought ind
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Number of degree training students
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Number of NARS technicians trained
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Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
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Impact assessment and enhancement P
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Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
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154 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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farmers for enhancing their awarene
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• Designing, testing and implemen
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Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
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Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
Page 174 and 175: Constraints in adoption of chickpea
Page 176 and 177: Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
Page 178 and 179: Identification of farmer-and-market
Page 180 and 181: Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
Page 182 and 183: Capacity building Knowledge empower
Page 184 and 185: Table 7-15: Training of local seed
Page 186 and 187: • In addition to yield, maturity
Page 188 and 189: Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
Page 190 and 191: Chickpea seed access The first majo
Page 192 and 193: Grades and standards About 75% of t
Page 194 and 195: Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
Page 196 and 197: private sector lacks the incentive
Page 198 and 199: • LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
Page 200 and 201: • Establishing functional legume
Page 202 and 203: Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
Page 204 and 205: Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
Page 206 and 207: Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
Page 208 and 209: TL II focuses on farmer-participato
Page 210 and 211: Production of Breeder, Foundation,
Page 212 and 213: Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
Page 214 and 215: (Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
Page 216 and 217: Chichewa) and Tanzania (Swahili). O
Page 218 and 219: Available technologies Although imp
Page 220 and 221: and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
Page 222 and 223: Table 10-6: Various classes of qual
Page 226 and 227: Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
Page 228 and 229: Adoption studies Adoption studies f
Page 230 and 231: 3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
Page 232 and 233: Table 11-1: Preferred soybean trait
Page 234 and 235: The up-scaling program signals the
Page 236 and 237: Across districts, TGx 1740-2F out-y
Page 238 and 239: Table 11-9: Communities and famers
Page 240 and 241: Table 11-14 Average performance of
Page 242 and 243: Table 11-15: Release notes of the t
Page 244 and 245: In Nigeria, across locations mean p
Page 246 and 247: Table 11-21: Grain yield (kg per ha
Page 248 and 249: Progress in selection of Bradyrhizo
Page 250 and 251: the major soybean producing localit
Page 252 and 253: Seed Production and Delivery System
Page 254 and 255: Table 11-29: Quantity (MT) of Found
Page 256 and 257: utilization and marketing. In Niger
Page 258 and 259: Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
Page 260: 250 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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