Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat
Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat
Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat
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Sources <strong>of</strong> rust resistance; 92R/70-4, ICGV 94114, ICGV-SM 86021<strong>and</strong> ICGV-SM 02536 which<br />
combines rust <strong>and</strong> ELS. Additional rust resistant lines found from the germplasm reference set includes:<br />
ICGV 02194, ICG 11426, ICGV 01276 <strong>and</strong> ICGV 02286;<br />
• Sources <strong>of</strong> rosette resistance: ICG 14705, ICG 15405, ICG 13099, <strong>and</strong> ICG 9449 identified from<br />
the groundnut reference set;<br />
• Sources <strong>of</strong> ELS resistance identified from the groundnut reference set: ICG 5663, ICG 4156, ICG<br />
721, <strong>and</strong> ICG 9905; <strong>and</strong><br />
• Sources <strong>of</strong> drought resistance; ICG 14390, ICG 14778, ICGV SM 00537 <strong>and</strong> ICGV SM 03535<br />
identified from field trials.<br />
An average <strong>of</strong> 20 to 25 sets <strong>of</strong> trials was dispatched annually to collaborating partners in Malawi,<br />
Mozambique <strong>and</strong> Tanzania for on-station evaluation against various stresses. These trial sets normally<br />
includes: Elite short-duration groundnut variety trials (25 genotypes), Elite Virginia bunch drought<br />
resistant groundnut variety trial (20 genotypes), Elite Spanish bunch rosette resistant groundnut variety<br />
trial (25 genotypes), Elite Spanish bunch drought resistant groundnut variety trial (20 genotypes), <strong>and</strong><br />
Elite rust resistant groundnut variety trial (16 genotypes) etc. For Malawi, these trials are normally<br />
established at Chitedze, Chitala, Kasinthula <strong>and</strong> Ngabu. In Mozambique they are established at<br />
Nampula, Zambezia, Chokwe <strong>and</strong> Inhacoongo (Inhambane) whereas in Tanzania trials are conducted<br />
at Naliendele, Nachingwea, Hombolo, Makutopora, Bihawana <strong>and</strong> Tumbi Research Stations. Trials are<br />
jointly monitored by ICRISAT <strong>and</strong> concerned NARS <strong>and</strong> data reported in appropriate annual planning<br />
<strong>and</strong> review meetings for the project. For the entire period, over 100 international/regional trial sets<br />
including varieties <strong>and</strong> advanced/elite lines were distributed for evaluation between 2008 <strong>and</strong> 2010.<br />
Similarly, the groundnut reference set (259 varieties) <strong>and</strong> recombinant inbred lines - RILs (300) were<br />
distributed for drought <strong>and</strong> disease phenotyping in Malawi <strong>and</strong> Tanzania in conjunction with TLI.<br />
Performance <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> the trial sets in select partner research stations is highlighted in the annex tables.<br />
New crosses at ICRISAT-Malawi<br />
Hybridization activities have been conducted at Chitedze Research Station in Malawi from the beginning<br />
<strong>of</strong> the project, 2007 to date. Main aspects <strong>of</strong> the hybridization program include the following:<br />
• Incorporation <strong>of</strong> rust resistance. <strong>Four</strong> mapping populations are currently at F6. Phenotyping <strong>and</strong><br />
genotyping <strong>of</strong> these populations with 5000 available SSR markers will begin in 2012;<br />
• Incorporation <strong>of</strong> ELS resistance. The only ELS resistant varieties (two <strong>of</strong> them) were released this<br />
year in Mozambique otherwise there was none for the whole region. The program now has three<br />
mapping populations currently at F6. New populations have been initiated from better sources <strong>of</strong><br />
resistance identified from screening <strong>of</strong> the groundnut reference set;<br />
• We have reached BC3F1 populations <strong>of</strong> several farmer-market preferred varieties for incorporation <strong>of</strong><br />
disease resistance. These include such popular varieties as CG 7, JL 24 <strong>and</strong> Pendo that are released in all<br />
three countries but susceptible to rosette, ELS <strong>and</strong> rust. We have started with rosette incorporation; <strong>and</strong><br />
• The program currently maintains more than 3500 progenies for rust, 1500 progenies for ELS <strong>and</strong><br />
400 for rosette from segregating populations (F3 – F6) developed for variety improvement through<br />
pedigree breeding.<br />
Upgrade skills <strong>and</strong> capacity<br />
Infrastructure for active breeding program have been developed in all participating countries as follows:<br />
In Tanzania, facilities now exist for green houses for disease screening, fridges for preservation <strong>of</strong><br />
samples (seed <strong>and</strong> disease), rainout shelter <strong>and</strong> Leaf Area meter for drought screening <strong>and</strong> Spad meter<br />
for chlorophyll measurements in drought screening trials. In Malawi the NARS have similarly been<br />
equipped with a rainout shelter, two glass houses, one portable weather station <strong>and</strong> irrigation pump<br />
Malawi to help them maintain <strong>of</strong>fseason breeding nurseries. In all the countries on the job training<br />
<strong>and</strong> academic training to MSc degree level complemented the infrastructure developed. The program<br />
trained one Tanzanian to MSc degree level at Sokoine University <strong>of</strong> Agriculture. Training on groundnut<br />
Progress <strong>of</strong> Phase 1<br />
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