Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat

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Progress in selection of Bradyrhizobium strains At IITA-Ibadan, four soybean genotypes (TGx 1448-2E, TGx 1485-1D, TGx 1838-5E, and TGx 1906- 3F) were inoculated with 20 Bradyrhizobium strains in 2008. One milliliter portions of broth cultures were used to inoculate each of six seedlings of the four genotypes grown in beach sand with regular supply of plant nutrient solution. The controls were plus N (70 ppm) and non-inoculated control (minus Rhizobium and minus N). Plant cultures were maintained in the greenhouse for 10 weeks (10 June to 19 August 2008). Soybean genotypes inoculated with Bradyrhizobium strain RAUG1 and RAUG2 had the highest shoot nitrogen concentration and these figures were significantly higher than that of soybean genotypes inoculated with the other strains (Table 11-25). It is important to state that the lower shoot nitrogen concentration reported for some of the genotypes might have been due to dilution effect associated with larger shoot biomass compared to that of soybean genotypes inoculated with RAUG1 and RAUG2. The high performing Bradyrhizobium strains have been multiplied and the inocula tested on many more soybean genotypes under field conditions. Table 11-25: Shoot dry weight and nitrogen concentration in the shoot of four soybean genotypes inoculated with 20 Bradyrhizobium strains at IITA-Ibadan. Bradyrhizobium strain Shoot dry weight (g) Nitrogen concentration in shoot (%) G1 G2 G3 G4 Means G1 G2 G3 G4 Means RAUG1 19.493 19.443 4.973 5.180 12.272 3.883 4.146 4.013 4.141 4.046 RAUG2 18.487 18.873 6.253 4.387 12.000 4.187 4.139 3.972 3.75 4.012 RACA2 17.273 16.377 6.177 7.310 11.784 3.687 3.499 3.607 3.524 3.579 Irj 2180A 13.133 10.733 13.08 9.697 11.661 3.612 3.970 2.925 3.276 3.446 RACA4 14.033 14.637 8.663 8.077 11.353 3.795 3.496 3.306 3.661 3.565 RACA6 13.807 16.037 8.043 7.490 11.344 3.735 3.426 3.712 3.743 3.654 RACA3 15.330 15.85 6.790 7.183 11.288 3.557 3.638 3.413 3.845 3.613 R.25B 11.610 11.523 9.700 7.883 10.179 3.480 3.781 2.838 3.539 3.410 S(3)PEAT 9.653 6.687 9.487 11.760 9.397 2.673 3.334 3.272 3.317 3.149 RANI 22 7.053 7.830 9.163 6.500 7.637 3.435 3.602 3.211 3.059 3.327 FA3 11.103 6.100 6.650 6.560 7.603 3.641 3.807 3.416 3.417 3.570 TAL169 10.200 8.407 6.577 4.650 7.458 3.778 3.929 2.928 3.536 3.543 USAD4671 9.390 8.157 2.813 8.973 7.333 2.919 2.802 2.028 2.875 2.656 S(I)PEAT 7.083 6.337 6.700 7.613 6.933 3.683 3.818 3.298 3.237 3.509 R.58 10.297 4.007 0.950 7.380 5.658 2.676 2.604 0.927 2.499 2.177 N+ (control) 4.607 5.133 5.300 6.040 5.270 1.290 1.648 1.089 1.310 1.334 MRCP1 1.840 6.893 0.850 10.730 5.078 1.281 2.832 1.326 2.992 2.108 R.31B 2.300 0.913 0.563 11.720 3.874 2.421 1.399 1.029 1.976 1.706 RATG9 1.810 1.637 0.650 5.870 2.492 1.498 1.424 0.997 2.159 1.519 N- (control) 3.287 1.367 1.157 3.087 2.224 1.238 1.127 1.039 1.413 1.204 R.59 1.470 0.817 0.937 2.383 1.402 1.195 1.546 1.364 1.287 1.348 Means 9.679 8.941 5.499 7.165 2.936 3.046 2.558 2.979 SE (G) 0.360 0.050 SE (B) 0.820 0.120 SE (G x B) 1.640 0.240 P (G) ≤ 0.0001 ≤ 0.0001 P (B) ≤ 0.0001 ≤ 0.0001 P (G x B) ≤ 0.0001 ≤ 0.0001 CV (%) 36.210 16.640 G1= TGx 1906-3F, G2= TGx1484-1D, G3= TGx1448-2E, G4= TGx1835-5E G = Genotype, B = Bradyrhizobium strain, G x B= Genotype × Bradyrhizobium strain 238 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
At TSBF-CIAT in Kenya, a study was conducted to assess the nodulation and nitrogen fixation of a set of nine indigenous Bradyrhizobium strains inoculated on three promiscuous soybean varieties grown under greenhouse conditions. Seedlings of three promiscuous soybean varieties (TGx 1895-33F, TGx 1895-49F and TGx 1740-2F) were each inoculated with 3 ml each (10 8 cell mL -1 ) of pure indigenous Bradyrhizobium strains (TSBF 404, TSBF 101, TSBF 131, TSBF 531, TSBF 534, TSBF 331, TSBF 442, TSBF 344, TSBF 3360). Negative and positive (98 kg per ha N equivalent) controls were also included. The seedlings were grown in 2 kg sand filled polybags, kept at field capacity by alternate day watering with double distilled water and Broughton solution in a greenhouse at approximately 12/12 light and 25 o C/32 o C. Seedlings were harvested at R1 growth stage for each of the genotypes and nodule number and shoot biomass recorded. All samples were dried to constant weight for 48 hrs at 70 o C. Shoot dry weight (SDW) was recorded as it is used as proxy for nitrogen fixation. There was no interaction between strains and varieties on shoot dry weight (Figure 11-4). Shoot dry weight (g)ht t 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 bc b cd b b b b b b cd 0.2 0.1 d 0 TSBF 404 TSBF 101 TSBF 131 TSBF 531 TSBF 534 TSBF 331 TSBF 442 Bradyrhizobium strains TSBF 344 TSBF 336A USDA 110 Control Figure 11-Shoot dry weight of three promiscuous soybean varieties grown in sand under greenhouse conditions However, there was a highly significant (P
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Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
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TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
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Seed Production and Delivery System
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Enhancing Pigeonpea Productivity an
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NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
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TL II was implemented in 10 target
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country governments in agricultural
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Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
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Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
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As stated earlier in this chapter,
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Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
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Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
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Project background Groundnut is one
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Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
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Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
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Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
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Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
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Infrastructure facilities For effic
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Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
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In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
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Training course A total of four tra
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Background The yield of groundnut i
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Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
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In order of importance, the largest
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Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
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Finally, the variety choices are co
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hybridization techniques, design of
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Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
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Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
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Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
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Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
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54 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | T
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The European Union still remains th
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Table 4-2: Proportion of households
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Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
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Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
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The use of other inputs (credit, in
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A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
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Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
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Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
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99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
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Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
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A 10-day intensive training worksho
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Seed production of all classes A to
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Testing seed marketing strategies A
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as Nigeria that will face the great
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100 Million hectares 80 60 40 20 0
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70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 00 03
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In Niger, changes in cowpea product
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irregular rainfall early in the cro
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Table 5-4: Cowpea breeding lines se
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Cowpea varieties released The proje
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Table 5-8: Number of days to flower
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Evaluation for phosphorus-use effic
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Figure 5-8: Reactions of some culti
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ASS6 ASS64 ASS110 ASS56 Figure 5-9:
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Figure 5-10: Meeting of farmers’
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The best approach to spread the imp
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declining soil fertility, increasin
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In Nigeria, the small seed pack app
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112 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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Phase I Social Sciences research in
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The consequences are that the impro
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about half of area share of land al
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Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
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single lingering bottleneck on whic
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In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
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Summary, process gains and people r
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Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
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Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
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Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
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Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
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While the fast track entries were r
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Technology generation Mechanistic s
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60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
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Table 6-22: Yield under drought ind
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Number of degree training students
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Number of NARS technicians trained
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Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
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Impact assessment and enhancement P
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Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
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154 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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farmers for enhancing their awarene
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• Designing, testing and implemen
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Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
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Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
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Constraints in adoption of chickpea
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Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
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Identification of farmer-and-market
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Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
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Capacity building Knowledge empower
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Table 7-15: Training of local seed
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• In addition to yield, maturity
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Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
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Chickpea seed access The first majo
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Grades and standards About 75% of t
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Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
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private sector lacks the incentive
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Page 200 and 201: • Establishing functional legume
Page 202 and 203: Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
Page 204 and 205: Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
Page 206 and 207: Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
Page 208 and 209: TL II focuses on farmer-participato
Page 210 and 211: Production of Breeder, Foundation,
Page 212 and 213: Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
Page 214 and 215: (Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
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Page 218 and 219: Available technologies Although imp
Page 220 and 221: and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
Page 222 and 223: Table 10-6: Various classes of qual
Page 224 and 225: Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
Page 226 and 227: Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
Page 228 and 229: Adoption studies Adoption studies f
Page 230 and 231: 3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
Page 232 and 233: Table 11-1: Preferred soybean trait
Page 234 and 235: The up-scaling program signals the
Page 236 and 237: Across districts, TGx 1740-2F out-y
Page 238 and 239: Table 11-9: Communities and famers
Page 240 and 241: Table 11-14 Average performance of
Page 242 and 243: Table 11-15: Release notes of the t
Page 244 and 245: In Nigeria, across locations mean p
Page 246 and 247: Table 11-21: Grain yield (kg per ha
Page 250 and 251: the major soybean producing localit
Page 252 and 253: Seed Production and Delivery System
Page 254 and 255: Table 11-29: Quantity (MT) of Found
Page 256 and 257: utilization and marketing. In Niger
Page 258 and 259: Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
Page 260: 250 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat

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