Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat

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Tanzania TL II has contributed to the establishment of Mpeta, Mnanje, Likokona, Mikangaula, and Mangaka to become active marketing centers for groundnut. Farmer research groups members and other farmers in these villages now receive premium price for improved groundnut seed (Pendo) from traders. The seed markets development aspect of this activity is reported in more detail under ESA Objective 1 Targeting impacts. Local capacity to produce, deliver, store and market seed Five hundred and twenty seven officers, farmers and seed producers, 57 technicians, 141 extension officers and 46 farmer research group leaders were trained in seed production in Tanzania and Malawi. Preparation and printing of groundnut seed production manual A groundnut seed production manual in Chichewa was produced for Malawi and a similar manual for Tanzania is available in Swahili. Encouraging private sector to engage in the sale of small seed packs Two private seed companies in Malawi (Funwe Seeds and Seed Co) and four in Tanzania (ASA, Zenobia, Krishna, and Miombo Estate) have ventured into commercial seed production targeting smallholder farmers with 1-2 kg small seed packs. These companies though more popular for their sale of maize hybrids are being encouraged to include groundnuts into their list. The popular groundnut small pack is 2 kg because of the large seeding rate and the investment that will enable the farmer at least to know something about the variety being evaluated. Degree training of NARS One collaborator from Malawi (Wilson Chafutsa) pursued an MSc program with specialization in seed technology at the University of Malawi. Local level awareness of released varieties Farmer field schools, field days and seed fairs were carried out at selected learning centers annually. In Malawi, 35-40 farmers’ field days were conducted each year by NARS and ICRISAT with partners since 2007 to upgrade skills of farmers and stakeholders on improved varieties and integrated crop management while soliciting feedback to improve the focus of the breeding program. Farmer field schools have also become an important tool for technology awareness. There are 360 active farmer field schools in the project sites in Malawi. In Tanzania field days (19 per season), open days and seed fairs (two per site per season), farmer field schools (80 in Tanzania) have become tools for regular project monitoring of activities. More than 15,000 flyers describing groundnut have been printed in Chichewa and Swahili and distributed to farmers in project sites. Television and radio broadcasts with live interviews and newspaper articles about new varieties have become a norm throughout the project sites in Malawi and Tanzania. In addition, over 6,000 farmers (3,635 women and 2,365 men) were trained in improved technologies (improved varieties and integrated crop management - time of planting, plant population, weed management, harvesting and post harvest technologies including storage, and management of aflatoxin contamination). Over 150 on-farm demonstrations of improved groundnut production technologies have been conducted since inception. One hundred extension officers and policy makers (40 women and 60 men) have been exposed to improved groundnut varieties and integrated crop management through national level field days. Two seed fairs, one in Nanyumbu at Mikangaula village (Tanzania) 18-20 December 2009 and another at Mkwajuni village in Tunduru (Tanzania) 05-08 January 2010 were organized. The event 48 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
provided opportunities to share seeds and knowledge of various crops including groundnuts. The seed fairs created awareness to over 2,000 people. Leaflets and booklets on groundnut were provided for free to participants. Lessons learned – groundnut seed systems 1. Marketing-related issues (both input and output markets) continued to emerge as a challenge to full utilization of the potential of legumes by smallholder farmers; 2. Project interventions that focused on affordable seed production and delivery systems have a better chance of surviving beyond the lifespan of the project; 3. Seed production on contract is profit motivated as farmers look at seed production as an enterprise; sustainable seed production by smallholders stands a better chance of success if complemented by functional seed and product markets for legumes; 4. There is a need for faster varietal testing and release systems to enhance the spectrum of varieties available to farmers; 5. Inadequate number of research and seed technicians available in ESA hampers progress of seed dissemination; and 6. Business-oriented smallholder farmers performed better in seed production, seed storage, and seed dissemination than food security-oriented farmers, and hence our efforts should emphasize involving such groups in seed systems. Annex 3-1: Performance of elite groundnut varieties (kg per ha) at selected research station sites in Tanzania (2009/10 season) Cultivar Naliendele Nachingwea Ilonga Hombolo Mean CG 7 532 510 1880 654 894 ICGV 90087 720 280 1133 416 637 ICGV 90092 481 225 573 375 414 ICGV 94114 720 582 867 561 682 ICGV-SM 01711 627 422 1000 765 703 ICGV-SM 02501 626 623 633 558 610 ICGV-SM 03701 683 370 900 526 620 ICGV-SM 86201 700 148 1500 620 742 ICGV-SM 90704 692 582 967 512 688 ICGV-SM 99568 600 175 1300 383 614 PENDO 723 718 2533 763 1184 Mean 646 421 1208 557 CV % 24.7 35.7 37.6 28.5 LSD 272 256.1 978.6 270 P=0.05 NS ** * NS Progress of Phase 1 49
Page 1 and 2:
Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
Page 3:
TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
Page 6 and 7:
Seed Production and Delivery System
Page 8 and 9: Enhancing Pigeonpea Productivity an
Page 10 and 11: NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
Page 12 and 13: TL II was implemented in 10 target
Page 14 and 15: country governments in agricultural
Page 16 and 17: Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
Page 18 and 19: Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
Page 20 and 21: As stated earlier in this chapter,
Page 22 and 23: Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
Page 24 and 25: Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
Page 26 and 27: Project background Groundnut is one
Page 28 and 29: Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
Page 30 and 31: Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
Page 32 and 33: Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
Page 34 and 35: Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
Page 36 and 37: Infrastructure facilities For effic
Page 38 and 39: Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
Page 40 and 41: In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
Page 42 and 43: Training course A total of four tra
Page 44 and 45: Background The yield of groundnut i
Page 46 and 47: Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
Page 48 and 49: In order of importance, the largest
Page 50 and 51: Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
Page 52 and 53: Finally, the variety choices are co
Page 54 and 55: hybridization techniques, design of
Page 56 and 57: Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
Page 60 and 61: Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
Page 62 and 63: Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
Page 64 and 65: 54 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | T
Page 66 and 67: The European Union still remains th
Page 68 and 69: Table 4-2: Proportion of households
Page 70 and 71: Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
Page 72 and 73: Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
Page 74 and 75: The use of other inputs (credit, in
Page 76 and 77: A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
Page 78 and 79: Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
Page 80 and 81: Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
Page 82 and 83: 99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
Page 84 and 85: Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
Page 86 and 87: A 10-day intensive training worksho
Page 88 and 89: Seed production of all classes A to
Page 90 and 91: Testing seed marketing strategies A
Page 92 and 93: as Nigeria that will face the great
Page 94 and 95: 100 Million hectares 80 60 40 20 0
Page 96 and 97: 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 00 03
Page 98 and 99: In Niger, changes in cowpea product
Page 100 and 101: irregular rainfall early in the cro
Page 102 and 103: Table 5-4: Cowpea breeding lines se
Page 104 and 105: Cowpea varieties released The proje
Page 106 and 107: Table 5-8: Number of days to flower
Page 108 and 109:
Evaluation for phosphorus-use effic
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Figure 5-8: Reactions of some culti
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ASS6 ASS64 ASS110 ASS56 Figure 5-9:
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Figure 5-10: Meeting of farmers’
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The best approach to spread the imp
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declining soil fertility, increasin
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In Nigeria, the small seed pack app
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112 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
Page 124 and 125:
Phase I Social Sciences research in
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The consequences are that the impro
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about half of area share of land al
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Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
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single lingering bottleneck on whic
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In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
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Summary, process gains and people r
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Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
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Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
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Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
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Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
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While the fast track entries were r
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Technology generation Mechanistic s
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60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
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Table 6-22: Yield under drought ind
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Number of degree training students
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Number of NARS technicians trained
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Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
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Impact assessment and enhancement P
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Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
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Page 166 and 167:
farmers for enhancing their awarene
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• Designing, testing and implemen
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Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
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Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
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Constraints in adoption of chickpea
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Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
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Identification of farmer-and-market
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Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
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Capacity building Knowledge empower
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Table 7-15: Training of local seed
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• In addition to yield, maturity
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Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
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Chickpea seed access The first majo
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Grades and standards About 75% of t
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Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
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private sector lacks the incentive
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• LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
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• Establishing functional legume
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Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
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Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
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Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
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TL II focuses on farmer-participato
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Production of Breeder, Foundation,
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Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
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(Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
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Chichewa) and Tanzania (Swahili). O
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Available technologies Although imp
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and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
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Table 10-6: Various classes of qual
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Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
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Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
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Adoption studies Adoption studies f
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3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
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Table 11-1: Preferred soybean trait
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The up-scaling program signals the
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Across districts, TGx 1740-2F out-y
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Table 11-9: Communities and famers
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Table 11-14 Average performance of
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Table 11-15: Release notes of the t
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In Nigeria, across locations mean p
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Table 11-21: Grain yield (kg per ha
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Progress in selection of Bradyrhizo
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the major soybean producing localit
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Seed Production and Delivery System
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Table 11-29: Quantity (MT) of Found
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utilization and marketing. In Niger
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Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
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