Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Seed Production and Delivery Systems Summary Soybean is among the major industrial and food crops grown on every continent. The crop can be successfully grown in many areas using low agricultural inputs. Soybean cultivation in Africa has expanded as a result of its nutritive and economic importance and diverse domestic usage. It is also a prime source of vegetable oil in the international market. Soybean has an average protein content of 40% and is more protein-rich than any of the common vegetable or animal food sources found in the world. Soybean seeds also contain about 20% oil on a dry matter basis, and this is 85% unsaturated and cholesterol-free. Generally, soybean is emerging as an important feed, food as well as raw material for producing high-quality protein products, which is currently grown on 1.5 million ha in Africa. In the last five years, soybean area has been increasing at an average of 5% per year whilst total production has been increasing at a rate of 7% per year in Africa. Such an increase has not been sufficient to satisfy the demand for soybean on the continent. Africa imports soybean grain and its products worth about one billion dollars every year. Hence, emphasis should be given to this crop to increase its productivity and production in Africa and narrow the gap between demand and supply. Soybean production is constrained by unavailability of improved varieties. A number of improved highyielding soybean varieties have been developed but these have not reached many farmers. The major impediments in soybean adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa are lack of awareness on processing and utilization, low yield, lack of market linkage with processors and consumers, weak policy support, lack of high quality seed, and low product prices. This project is making efforts to address these issues based on the experience of IITA in West Africa and that of TSBF-CIAT in western Kenya. It is believed that soybean production will increase as more farmers become aware of the potential of the crop through enhanced seed delivery systems. The activities in this project are focused on soybean value chain system to enhance the adoption and use of improved varieties by farmers. The project goal was to improve sustainability of soybean seed production and delivery systems that will reach the smallholder farmers in drought-prone areas of Sub-Saharan Africa through interventions designed to: • Facilitate Foundation Seed production; • Facilitate Certified Seed production; • Promote and strengthen seed/input marketing through linkages to private seed companies; • Create awareness to popularize improved stress-tolerant soybean varieties; and • Build capacity of stakeholders for implementation of the activities. Increased seed production By the completion of Phase 1, the project directly supported a total of 1,856 farmers which included both men and women that were involved in on-farm demonstrations to popularize improved soybean varieties in the participating countries. Field observations have shown widespread adoption of new varieties of soybean, a substantial increase in yields, as well as an increase in food security and reduction in poverty. Farmers have reported that problems relating to access to improved seed, low soil fertility and Striga infestation were being solved, but would require continued support to ensure such problems do not recur. Problems of input availability, especially fertilizer, although addressed still remain but require improved policies to address farmer concerns. Livelihoods have improved through better food security and nutrition, reduced poverty, and an increased ability to pay other costs. A strong gender dimension and special support to empower women involved a group of women groups, with special initiatives for soybean processing, value adding, household utilization and marketing to processors. 242 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
Improved access to markets Improved market linkages have encouraged seed producers to improve and increase seed production to supply a growing market. The project has demonstrated that community production of improved varieties can be successful, but its sustainability depends on development of successful seed associations, cooperatives with links to the formal seed sector and market. Market development for soybean resulted in increased production and sales of soybean making significant contribution to improving livelihood and poverty reduction. This market is now established paying good prices. In the last three years over 405 MT of soybean has been produced by seed producers. Of this amount, 386 MT was sold as a result of market outlet. Similarly, 125 MT of Foundation Seeds have been produced over the last three years. Awareness creation of improved varieties Awareness creation to popularize improved varieties through field days, TV, Radio programs and newspaper reports has been carried out. Over the last three years, 34 field days, 10 TV programs, 14 radio programs, and 9 newspaper articles have been held. Increased capacity of partners The project, having recognized the significance of capacity building of its partners to achieve its objectives, organized and facilitated capacity development activities for its partners. Their capacities have been strengthened through training and subsequent applications; participation in national and international scientific conferences and meetings; research opportunities for higher degrees based on TL II activities as well as improved access to information and new knowledge. Strengthening of extension agents and community-based organizations, in particular the farmer groups and associations, through technical training in many aspects of soybean productionreinforced with post-harvest processing, storage, distribution and marketing. Over the last three years 480 extension agents and 4998 farmers have been trained on soybean seed production technology and general agronomic practices in the project countries. Two students were registered for MSc program to read seed technology in Malawi and Niger Republic. Project administration The project held a major planning workshop for all collaborators in the project countries to develop action plan for the implantation of the soybean seed systems. Subsequently, each country organized a planning meeting to harmonize their action plan in all the five participating project countries and used to formulate strategies for Foundation Seed production in the project countries. This report details TL II’s achievements over the last three years. Major outputs and outcomes Progress in Foundation and Certified Seed production Over the last three years, a total of 125.7 MT of Foundation Seeds of diverse varieties of soybean have been produced for sales to community seed growers in the project countries. Of this quantity, Nigeria produced 23.8 MT, Kenya, produced 38.3 MT, Malawi produced 27.6 MT, and Mozambique produced 36 MT (Table 11-29). All the countries produced in excess of the annual target of 15 MT per year in 2010 except Nigeria. Progress of Phase 1 243
Page 1 and 2:
Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
Page 3:
TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
Page 6 and 7:
Seed Production and Delivery System
Page 8 and 9:
Enhancing Pigeonpea Productivity an
Page 10 and 11:
NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
Page 12 and 13:
TL II was implemented in 10 target
Page 14 and 15:
country governments in agricultural
Page 16 and 17:
Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
Page 18 and 19:
Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
Page 20 and 21:
As stated earlier in this chapter,
Page 22 and 23:
Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
Page 24 and 25:
Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
Page 26 and 27:
Project background Groundnut is one
Page 28 and 29:
Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
Page 30 and 31:
Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
Page 32 and 33:
Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
Page 34 and 35:
Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
Page 36 and 37:
Infrastructure facilities For effic
Page 38 and 39:
Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
Page 40 and 41:
In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
Page 42 and 43:
Training course A total of four tra
Page 44 and 45:
Background The yield of groundnut i
Page 46 and 47:
Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
Page 48 and 49:
In order of importance, the largest
Page 50 and 51:
Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
Page 52 and 53:
Finally, the variety choices are co
Page 54 and 55:
hybridization techniques, design of
Page 56 and 57:
Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
Page 58 and 59:
Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
Page 60 and 61:
Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
Page 62 and 63:
Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
Page 64 and 65:
54 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | T
Page 66 and 67:
The European Union still remains th
Page 68 and 69:
Table 4-2: Proportion of households
Page 70 and 71:
Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
Page 72 and 73:
Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
Page 74 and 75:
The use of other inputs (credit, in
Page 76 and 77:
A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
Page 78 and 79:
Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
Page 80 and 81:
Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
Page 82 and 83:
99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
Page 84 and 85:
Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
Page 86 and 87:
A 10-day intensive training worksho
Page 88 and 89:
Seed production of all classes A to
Page 90 and 91:
Testing seed marketing strategies A
Page 92 and 93:
as Nigeria that will face the great
Page 94 and 95:
100 Million hectares 80 60 40 20 0
Page 96 and 97:
70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 00 03
Page 98 and 99:
In Niger, changes in cowpea product
Page 100 and 101:
irregular rainfall early in the cro
Page 102 and 103:
Table 5-4: Cowpea breeding lines se
Page 104 and 105:
Cowpea varieties released The proje
Page 106 and 107:
Table 5-8: Number of days to flower
Page 108 and 109:
Evaluation for phosphorus-use effic
Page 110 and 111:
Figure 5-8: Reactions of some culti
Page 112 and 113:
ASS6 ASS64 ASS110 ASS56 Figure 5-9:
Page 114 and 115:
Figure 5-10: Meeting of farmers’
Page 116 and 117:
The best approach to spread the imp
Page 118 and 119:
declining soil fertility, increasin
Page 120 and 121:
In Nigeria, the small seed pack app
Page 122 and 123:
112 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
Page 124 and 125:
Phase I Social Sciences research in
Page 126 and 127:
The consequences are that the impro
Page 128 and 129:
about half of area share of land al
Page 130 and 131:
Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
Page 132 and 133:
single lingering bottleneck on whic
Page 134 and 135:
In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
Page 136 and 137:
Summary, process gains and people r
Page 138 and 139:
Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
Page 140 and 141:
Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
Page 142 and 143:
Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
Page 144 and 145:
Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
Page 146 and 147:
While the fast track entries were r
Page 148 and 149:
Technology generation Mechanistic s
Page 150 and 151:
60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
Page 152 and 153:
Table 6-22: Yield under drought ind
Page 154 and 155:
Number of degree training students
Page 156 and 157:
Number of NARS technicians trained
Page 158 and 159:
Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
Page 160 and 161:
Impact assessment and enhancement P
Page 162 and 163:
Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
Page 164 and 165:
154 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
Page 166 and 167:
farmers for enhancing their awarene
Page 168 and 169:
• Designing, testing and implemen
Page 170 and 171:
Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
Page 172 and 173:
Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
Page 174 and 175:
Constraints in adoption of chickpea
Page 176 and 177:
Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
Page 178 and 179:
Identification of farmer-and-market
Page 180 and 181:
Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
Page 182 and 183:
Capacity building Knowledge empower
Page 184 and 185:
Table 7-15: Training of local seed
Page 186 and 187:
• In addition to yield, maturity
Page 188 and 189:
Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
Page 190 and 191:
Chickpea seed access The first majo
Page 192 and 193:
Grades and standards About 75% of t
Page 194 and 195:
Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
Page 196 and 197:
private sector lacks the incentive
Page 198 and 199:
• LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
Page 200 and 201:
• Establishing functional legume
Page 202 and 203: Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
Page 204 and 205: Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
Page 206 and 207: Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
Page 208 and 209: TL II focuses on farmer-participato
Page 210 and 211: Production of Breeder, Foundation,
Page 212 and 213: Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
Page 214 and 215: (Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
Page 216 and 217: Chichewa) and Tanzania (Swahili). O
Page 218 and 219: Available technologies Although imp
Page 220 and 221: and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
Page 222 and 223: Table 10-6: Various classes of qual
Page 224 and 225: Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
Page 226 and 227: Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
Page 228 and 229: Adoption studies Adoption studies f
Page 230 and 231: 3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
Page 232 and 233: Table 11-1: Preferred soybean trait
Page 234 and 235: The up-scaling program signals the
Page 236 and 237: Across districts, TGx 1740-2F out-y
Page 238 and 239: Table 11-9: Communities and famers
Page 240 and 241: Table 11-14 Average performance of
Page 242 and 243: Table 11-15: Release notes of the t
Page 244 and 245: In Nigeria, across locations mean p
Page 246 and 247: Table 11-21: Grain yield (kg per ha
Page 248 and 249: Progress in selection of Bradyrhizo
Page 250 and 251: the major soybean producing localit
Page 254 and 255: Table 11-29: Quantity (MT) of Found
Page 256 and 257: utilization and marketing. In Niger
Page 258 and 259: Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
Page 260: 250 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
show all

Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?