Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat
Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat
Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat
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Enhancing Common Bean Productivity<br />
<strong>and</strong> Production in Sub-Saharan Africa<br />
Stephen Beebe, Idupulapati Rao, Jose Polonia, Jaumer Ricaurte, Miguel Angel Grajales, Cesar Cajiao<br />
(CIAT-Colombia); Rowl<strong>and</strong> Chirwa, Jean Claude Rubyogo (CIAT-Malawi); Paul Kimani (CIAT-Kenya);<br />
Enid Katungi), David Wozemba (CIAT-Ug<strong>and</strong>a); Louise Sperling (CIAT-Tanzania); Setegn Gebeyehu,<br />
Teshale Assefa (EIAR-Melkassa, Ethiopia); David Karanja, David Macharia (KARI-Machakos, Kenya);<br />
Sosthenes Kweka, John Msaky, Elisa Mazuma (SARI-Tanzania); Godwill Makunde, Kennedy Simango<br />
(Zimbabwe)<br />
Summary<br />
The common bean component <strong>of</strong> the Tropical Legumes II Project was carried out with the participation<br />
<strong>of</strong> five countries in eastern <strong>and</strong> southern Africa (the same five countries <strong>of</strong> Tropical Legumes-I): Ethiopia,<br />
Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, <strong>and</strong> Zimbabwe. The baseline <strong>and</strong> seed system components under Objectives<br />
1 <strong>and</strong> 8 respectively, were centered on Ethiopia <strong>and</strong> Kenya. The baseline study confirmed many <strong>of</strong><br />
the previous results <strong>of</strong> surveys with farmers regarding preferred traits (e.g., earliness, fast cooking,<br />
marketability) <strong>and</strong> low adoption status <strong>of</strong> improved varieties released 1990-2000s. It was nonetheless<br />
surprising that even in the most affected drought prone regions <strong>of</strong> Kenya, farmers continued to value the<br />
potential for market types (growing the commercial GLP 2), although they also cultivated the drought<br />
tolerant variety GLPx92 which has low market value. KAT B1 is another option for drought areas, given<br />
its extreme earliness. Superior lines were selected from a fast track nursery, initially composed <strong>of</strong> more<br />
than 1700 entries. The program in Kenya was especially successful, identifying lines with more than<br />
50% yield advantage over elite checks <strong>and</strong> good farmer acceptability in on farm trials. Navy bean lines<br />
were selected in Ethiopia with 50% yield advantage over the elite check in managed drought stress<br />
trials, <strong>and</strong> with 12% advantage on farm in 2010 when rain was plentiful. Lines in Malawi advanced<br />
from a previous drought project express up to 50% advantage on farm <strong>and</strong> on station, <strong>and</strong> are near<br />
release. Selected lines in Tanzania <strong>and</strong> Zimbabwe are in the pipeline for release. Knowledge <strong>of</strong> bean<br />
seed systems advanced significantly in phase 1. Success was registered in both Kenya <strong>and</strong> Ethiopia<br />
with the small pack strategy, developed in partnership with the private sector. Marketing seed in small<br />
quantities that are within reach <strong>of</strong> smallholder farmers was found to be both pr<strong>of</strong>itable to a private<br />
company <strong>and</strong> attractive to farmers. Seed loans were practiced in Kenya with substantial success. It is<br />
estimated that well over a million farmers were reached with new varieties. This has resulted in onfarm<br />
increases in area share <strong>of</strong> 20-40% occupied by improved varieties in Ethiopia that were released<br />
in 1990s but remained on the shelf due to constraints to seed production <strong>and</strong> distribution at the time.<br />
Introduction<br />
From the outset <strong>of</strong> the TL II project, activities were closely coordinated with the network <strong>of</strong> the Pan-<br />
Africa Bean Research Alliance (PABRA), which coordinates bean research <strong>and</strong> development activities<br />
across 28 countries in eastern, southern, central <strong>and</strong> West Africa. PABRA is sub-divided into three<br />
regional networks: the Eastern <strong>and</strong> Central Africa Bean Research Network (ECABREN); the Southern<br />
Africa Bean Research Network (SABRN); <strong>and</strong> the West <strong>and</strong> Central Africa Bean Research Network<br />
(WECABREN). Five countries <strong>of</strong> the PABRA network were included as participants in the project (the<br />
same 5 countries that participate in the TL I project). These were: Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania<br />
<strong>and</strong> Zimbabwe. One additional national program, Rw<strong>and</strong>a, participated in one training workshop with<br />
funds from another project. Results were presented in PABRA coordination meetings, such that partners<br />
throughout the region were made aware <strong>of</strong> the project <strong>and</strong> its results. Integration <strong>of</strong> TL II into the PABRA<br />
framework <strong>and</strong> regional networks will facilitate dissemination <strong>of</strong> results, <strong>and</strong> the incorporation <strong>of</strong> other<br />
partners into a Phase 2.<br />
Progress <strong>of</strong> Phase 1<br />
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