Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat
Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat
Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat
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Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia<br />
To facilitate more detailed <strong>and</strong> controlled physiological studies, <strong>and</strong> confirm results under field<br />
conditions where control <strong>of</strong> moisture is less precise, a rain out shelter was established at CIAT<br />
headquarters.<br />
Development <strong>of</strong> information tools: videos <strong>and</strong> training manuals<br />
Several videos were also developed specifically to extend awareness <strong>of</strong> the use <strong>and</strong> possible impacts<br />
<strong>of</strong> packing <strong>and</strong> marketing seed in small packs (from 100 g to 2 kg packages). These have been made<br />
in different lengths for partners ( 3 minute 20) <strong>and</strong> possible TV use (30 second). Further, while a first<br />
video centers on experience in the initial small pack test country, Kenya, another portrays experience<br />
to include both TL II-linked <strong>and</strong> other PABRA countries (Ethiopia, plus Malawi, Congo <strong>and</strong> Tanzania).<br />
Finally, small pack videos have been made in English <strong>and</strong> more recently in French. These videos, as<br />
awareness-raising tools, have proven very powerful in stimulating NARS, private sector companies<br />
NGOs, <strong>and</strong> other organizations to consider small seed pack marketing so as to scale up their business<br />
<strong>and</strong> Training manuals also reach more clientele.<br />
In the two countries, variety, seed-related information tools <strong>and</strong> booklets (on production <strong>and</strong> post<br />
harvest h<strong>and</strong>ling) have also been developed in local languages, targeting farmers with various levels <strong>of</strong><br />
literacy, traders <strong>and</strong> extension staff. In Ethiopia, 7954 variety description leaflets, 2486 seed production<br />
guides <strong>and</strong> 2790 varieties poster targeting mainly illiterate farmers were produced <strong>and</strong> supplied. In<br />
Kenya, 1200 production guides (brochures) <strong>and</strong> 680 posters <strong>of</strong> varieties were supplied during seed fairs<br />
<strong>and</strong> demos.<br />
Vision<br />
From the phase 1 research, it became clear that target strategies are required along the value chain<br />
to address the problem <strong>of</strong> drought, declining soil fertility, constraints in seed <strong>and</strong> grain markets. Such<br />
investments are inter-related <strong>and</strong> therefore all are required to achieve a combined effect. In other words,<br />
germplasm improvement, management practices/ extension <strong>and</strong> marketing need to be addressed in<br />
order to achieve maximum beneficial <strong>and</strong> equitable impacts.<br />
Germplasm improvement to address drought<br />
In the course <strong>of</strong> the phase 1, drought research has been firmly established as a research priority within<br />
PABRA on all levels. Field testing is now practiced routinely. Improved lines are in the pipeline.<br />
Equipment is in place for more detailed evaluations. In collaboration with TL-I, scientific capacity<br />
has been enhanced through post-graduate training. For phase 2 we look to exp<strong>and</strong> the reach <strong>of</strong> TL-II’s<br />
impact by involving other partner countries within PABRA, <strong>and</strong> to focus on the enhanced capacity on<br />
underst<strong>and</strong>ing G x E within drought trials, in conjunction with TL-I. Breeding will continue to address<br />
both terminal <strong>and</strong> intermittent types <strong>of</strong> drought, while minimizing trade-<strong>of</strong>fs between large harvests <strong>and</strong><br />
good culinary traits or marketability. Important culinary traits (e.g less cooking, low flatulence, keeping<br />
quality or taste) <strong>and</strong> market preferences (e.g seed shape <strong>and</strong> color) in Ethiopia were indentified from<br />
baseline studies. Currently, seed color <strong>and</strong> seed shape are the key attributes used in grading beans on<br />
the market for export in Ethiopia <strong>and</strong> they are likely to become more important determinants <strong>of</strong> variety<br />
choice by farmers in the near future while the existing varieties with flat shape or less brilliant color<br />
could be dis-adopted.<br />
Soil fertility<br />
Soil fertility is clearly a major confounding factor in the evaluation <strong>of</strong> drought lines <strong>and</strong> we must attend to<br />
this factor in complementary fashion – exploiting both genetic <strong>and</strong> crop management techniques – to assure<br />
that drought tolerance is fully expressed. There is need in Phase 2 to exp<strong>and</strong> beyond varietal introductions<br />
— focus on fertilizer associated with specialized seed production. Simply, soil fertility improvement is key<br />
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<strong>Engaging</strong> <strong>Smallholder</strong> <strong>Farmers</strong> | Tropical Legumes II Project