Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat

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A PVS evaluation was launched in pilot sites in Mali, Niger and Nigeria in the 2008 crop season. The trial sites span a range of socio-economic and demographic setting and are representative of the agroecologies suitable for groundnut production in drought -prone zones of West Africa. The varieties tested in each country are listed in Table 4-8. Table 4-8: Varieties included in the PVS trials in 2008/09 season Variety name Characteristics Remarks Mali ICGV 86024 Tolerant to drought Pre-release ICGV 86124 Tolerant to drought Pre-release ICGV 86015 Tolerant to drought Pre-release ICGV 97188 Tolerant to drought Pre release ICG (FDRS 4) Foliar disease resistant Released ICG 7878 (W tiga) Foliar disease resistant Released Fleur 11 Early maturing Released JL24 Early maturing Released Niger ICG 9346 Early, drought tolerant Pre-release RRB Early, drought tolerant Pre-release Early and tolerant to aflatoxin Pre-release J 11 contamination TS32-1 Ruling Released Fleur 11 Early maturity, bold seed Pre-release 55-437 Ruling and tolerant to aflatoxin Released Nigeria ICIAR 6A Extra early, rosette resistant Pre-release ICIAR 7B Extra early, resistant to rosette Pre-release ICIAR 19BT Extra early, resistant to rosette Pre-release SAMNUT 21 Medium- duration dual- purpose Released SAMNUT 22 Medium- duration dual purpose Released SAMNUT 23 Early maturity, resistant to rosette Released Locations Mali Groundnut production is concentrated in the West, south, part of the center covering the regions of Koulikoro, Kayes Sikasso and Segou. These regions account for 97% of area and 95% of groundnut production in Mali. Rainfall ranges from 400-800 mm per years. Farmers still grow the old varieties including 47-10 and 28-206 introduced more than half a century ago. However, new varieties have been released in the last decade but have not completely replaced these old ones. The project pilot sites are located in the regions of Kayes and Koulikoro. Kayes is the major growing region accounting for 33% of the area and 35% of groundnut production in Mali. Koulikoro on the other hand accounts for 21% of groundnut area and 24% of groundnut production (DNSI, 1996/97). Three pilot sites were identified in each region: The trials were Diankoute Camara, Sadiola and Dialafra in Kayes; Marako, Diorila and Faladie in Koulikoro. In each of the pilot sites a mother trial was set up in a randomized complete block design of five varieties with five replications (4 new varieties and a local check). The plot size for each variety was 10 x 10 m per replication. 66 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
The mother trials were implemented collectively by farmers selected by the village chief or farmers’ associations. Baby trials were conducted by 20 individual farmers in the same villages. Farmers grew 2-3 new varieties along with their local variety under traditional management practices. Other than seed no other inputs were provided. Replication was across farmers, either in the same village or across villages. The PVS trials were repeated in the 2009/10 season in the same villages with larger plots. The varieties were sown in plots of 20 x 50 m or 0.1 ha in each of the six villages in Mali. For the baby trials out of 120 farmers expected 108 were implemented. The number of farmers involved in the trials is presented in Table 4-9. The interest of Plan Mali (an International NGO) to include groundnut production by the women groups in their areas of intervention has facilitated the extension of mother trials in five new villages in the Koulikoro region in 2010/11 cropping seasons. The trials were managed by 25 women in each village. The plot sizes were 0.1 ha per variety. Niger The pilot sites are located in the Dosso region. Soils are mainly sandy accounting for two thirds of the region, with clayey soils in less than 10% of the region. The main rainfed crops are millet, sorghum, cowpea and groundnut. The experimental sites were Doula, Guida Gaba, KomaBeri, Tanda, Tounga and Wassangou. The most popular variety grown throughout Niger is 55-437 .The Mother trials were managed by a group of 36 farmers in each village. Satellite baby trials were also set up in the same villages. Overall, 167 men and 25 women were involved. Nigeria The pilot sites are located in the states of Jigawa, Kano and Kastina that account for more than 50% of the total groundnut production in Nigeria. These states span the Sudan-sahelian ecologies prone to drought; where millet, sorghum, cotton, groundnut, cowpea and vegetables are major crops. The rainfall in these states varies between 600 and 900 mm. Groundnut rosette is a major biotic constraint. The most widely grown varieties are 55-437, RRB, and RMP 12. However, new varieties released in the last decade are finding their way into the farmers’ fields. The pilot sites, names of farmers conducting mother and baby trial are presented in Table 4-10. Table 4-9: Number of farmers involved in the baby and mother trials in Mali Location Year 2008 2009 2010 Total Marako 21 21 21 63 Diorila 21 21 21 63 Faladié 21 21 41 103 Diancounté Camara 21 21 17 59 Sadiola 21 101 85 207 Dialafra 21 21 21 63 Total 126 206 240 558 Progress of Phase 1 67
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Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
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TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
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Seed Production and Delivery System
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Enhancing Pigeonpea Productivity an
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NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
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TL II was implemented in 10 target
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country governments in agricultural
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Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
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Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
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As stated earlier in this chapter,
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Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
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Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
Page 26 and 27: Project background Groundnut is one
Page 28 and 29: Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
Page 30 and 31: Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
Page 32 and 33: Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
Page 34 and 35: Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
Page 36 and 37: Infrastructure facilities For effic
Page 38 and 39: Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
Page 40 and 41: In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
Page 42 and 43: Training course A total of four tra
Page 44 and 45: Background The yield of groundnut i
Page 46 and 47: Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
Page 48 and 49: In order of importance, the largest
Page 50 and 51: Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
Page 52 and 53: Finally, the variety choices are co
Page 54 and 55: hybridization techniques, design of
Page 56 and 57: Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
Page 58 and 59: Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
Page 60 and 61: Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
Page 62 and 63: Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
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Page 66 and 67: The European Union still remains th
Page 68 and 69: Table 4-2: Proportion of households
Page 70 and 71: Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
Page 72 and 73: Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
Page 74 and 75: The use of other inputs (credit, in
Page 78 and 79: Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
Page 80 and 81: Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
Page 82 and 83: 99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
Page 84 and 85: Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
Page 86 and 87: A 10-day intensive training worksho
Page 88 and 89: Seed production of all classes A to
Page 90 and 91: Testing seed marketing strategies A
Page 92 and 93: as Nigeria that will face the great
Page 94 and 95: 100 Million hectares 80 60 40 20 0
Page 96 and 97: 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 00 03
Page 98 and 99: In Niger, changes in cowpea product
Page 100 and 101: irregular rainfall early in the cro
Page 102 and 103: Table 5-4: Cowpea breeding lines se
Page 104 and 105: Cowpea varieties released The proje
Page 106 and 107: Table 5-8: Number of days to flower
Page 108 and 109: Evaluation for phosphorus-use effic
Page 110 and 111: Figure 5-8: Reactions of some culti
Page 112 and 113: ASS6 ASS64 ASS110 ASS56 Figure 5-9:
Page 114 and 115: Figure 5-10: Meeting of farmers’
Page 116 and 117: The best approach to spread the imp
Page 118 and 119: declining soil fertility, increasin
Page 120 and 121: In Nigeria, the small seed pack app
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Page 124 and 125: Phase I Social Sciences research in
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The consequences are that the impro
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about half of area share of land al
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Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
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single lingering bottleneck on whic
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In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
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Summary, process gains and people r
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Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
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Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
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Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
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Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
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While the fast track entries were r
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Technology generation Mechanistic s
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60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
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Table 6-22: Yield under drought ind
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Number of degree training students
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Number of NARS technicians trained
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Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
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Impact assessment and enhancement P
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Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
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154 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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farmers for enhancing their awarene
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• Designing, testing and implemen
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Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
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Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
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Constraints in adoption of chickpea
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Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
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Identification of farmer-and-market
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Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
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Capacity building Knowledge empower
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Table 7-15: Training of local seed
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• In addition to yield, maturity
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Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
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Chickpea seed access The first majo
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Grades and standards About 75% of t
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Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
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private sector lacks the incentive
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• LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
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• Establishing functional legume
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Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
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Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
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Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
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TL II focuses on farmer-participato
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Production of Breeder, Foundation,
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Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
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(Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
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Chichewa) and Tanzania (Swahili). O
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Available technologies Although imp
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and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
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Table 10-6: Various classes of qual
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Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
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Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
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Adoption studies Adoption studies f
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3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
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Table 11-1: Preferred soybean trait
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The up-scaling program signals the
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Across districts, TGx 1740-2F out-y
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Table 11-9: Communities and famers
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Table 11-14 Average performance of
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Table 11-15: Release notes of the t
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In Nigeria, across locations mean p
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Table 11-21: Grain yield (kg per ha
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Progress in selection of Bradyrhizo
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the major soybean producing localit
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Seed Production and Delivery System
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Table 11-29: Quantity (MT) of Found
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utilization and marketing. In Niger
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Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
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250 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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