Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat

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Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea lines to drought, major diseases and insect pests (2009-2010) Sr. No. Lines Yield (kg per ha) Lepidopteran pod borer damage (%) % Wilt (%) Wilt reaction SMD (%) SM reaction 1 ICPL 88039 620 24.2 20.6 Susceptible 8.3 Resistant 2 ICPB 2089 840 6.9 36.7 Susceptible 25.0 Susceptible 3 ICPL 161 1180 1.9 30.0 Susceptible 60.0 Highly susceptible 4 ICPL 288 1130 8.7 44.0 Susceptible 11.1 Moderately resistant 5 ICPL 149 560 5.1 11.8 Moderately resistant 27.3 Susceptible 6 ICPL 88034 840 4.1 82.5 Highly susceptible 50.0 Susceptible 7 ICPL 90030 550 1.9 33.0 Susceptible 0.0 Resistant 8 ICPL 90034 750 15.2 17.4 Moderately resistant 0.0 Resistant 9 ICPL 90040 1400 0.3 25.4 Susceptible 0.0 Resistant 10 ICPB 2155 800 0.9 60.0 Highly susceptible 33.3 Susceptible 11 ICPB 2156 990 8.8 13.8 Moderately resistant 0.0 Resistant 12 ICPL 86022 450 6.7 49.5 Susceptible 33.3 Susceptible 13 ICPR 2438 1200 0.7 93.3 Highly susceptible 40.0 Susceptible 14 ICPL 89 990 16.9 41.3 Susceptible - - 15 ICPL 150 1780 7.5 16.5 Moderately resistant 0.0 Resistant 16 ICPL 90047 450 6.9 33.0 Susceptible 0.0 Resistant 17 ICPL 90048 1410 6.4 82.5 Highly susceptible 0.0 Resistant 18 ICPL 91024 2370 0.3 55.0 Highly susceptible 0.0 Resistant 19 ICPL 93101 1070 4.3 90.0 Highly susceptible - - 20 ICPL 90051 2380 4.3 82.5 Highly susceptible 0.0 Resistant 21 ICPL 20209 790 14.3 61.9 Highly susceptible 0.0 Resistant 22 ICPL 20211 1070 3.0 27.5 Susceptible 0.0 Resistant 23 ICPL 20216 1150 4.4 67.9 Highly susceptible 0.0 Resistant 24 ICPB 2043 2470 16.1 10.0 Resistant 0.0 Resistant 25 ICPB 2047 1750 5.7 0.0 Resistant 0.0 Resistant 26 ICPB 2048 1470 11.7 10.3 Moderately resistant 0.0 Resistant 27 ICPB 2092 2130 6.6 11.0 Moderately resistant 6.7 Resistant 28 ICPR 2671 1200 6.0 9.2 Resistant 0.0 Resistant 29 ICPL 20108 2280 5.9 12.7 Moderately resistant 18.2 Moderately resistant 30 ICPL 85063 2270 4.6 0.0 Resistant 16.7 Moderately resistant 31 ICPL 332 2250 2.0 16.5 Moderately resistant 50.0 Susceptible 32 ICPL 96053 1460 2.3 11.0 Moderately resistant 0.0 Resistant 33 ICPL 96061 1780 13.0 8.7 Resistant 14.3 Moderately resistant 34 ICPL 99044 1000 0.9 17.4 Moderately resistant 22.2 Susceptible 35 ICPL 99051 1040 8.4 17.4 Moderately resistant 29.4 Susceptible 36 ICPL 20058 1310 16.9 0.0 Resistant 41.7 Susceptible 37 ICPL 20096 1570 6.2 8.7 Resistant 5.6 Resistant 38 ICPL 20093 1500 22.2 11.8 Moderately resistant 33.3 Susceptible 39 ICPL 20101 1420 7.4 18.3 Moderately resistant 20.0 Moderately resistant 40 ICPL 20104 1050 38.0 13.8 Moderately resistant 11.1 Moderately resistant 41 ICPL 20114 1300 12.1 12.7 Moderately resistant 18.2 Moderately resistant 42 ICPL 20177 1750 9.6 20.6 Susceptible 50.0 Susceptible 43 ICPL 20201 1630 7.6 15.0 Moderately resistant 53.8 Highly susceptible 44 ICPL 20205 1580 10.0 33.0 Susceptible 15.4 Moderately resistant 45 ICP 7035 1280 11.3 35.4 Susceptible 36.4 Susceptible 46 ICP 8863 1470 4.9 27.5 Susceptible 84.6 Highly susceptible 47 ICP 8094 1030 14.7 58.2 Highly susceptible 44.4 Susceptible 48 ICP 13092 1030 7.3 29.1 Susceptible 71.4 Highly susceptible 196 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
A total of 4,307 farmers (2,474 in AP and 1,833 in Maharashtra) were trained in seed production, crop management, seed health, IPM, and post-harvest practices to ensure quality seed production. Farmers Day was also organized in Maharashtra with 351 farmers (including 21 women). During the project period, a total of 533 traders/dal mill operators in AP and Maharashtra were trained in seed storage, processing and marketing. Besides conducting training/seminars to farmers involved in seed production in AP and Maharashtra by ANGRAU and PDKV, respectively, a total of 699 extension officers, NGO staff, and private seed sector personnel were provided training in seed production, scientific storage, store grain pest management and marketing network. Performance of pigeonpea hybrids In AP, the performance of hybrids, especially ICPH 3359 and ICPH 2470 performed better than the check varieties (Asha and Maruti) in terms of number of pods, 100 seed weight and yield as shown in Table 9-6. Table 9-6: Performance of pigeonpea hybrids at ARS, Tandur Hybrid/Cultivar Plant height (cm) Branches/plant (no.) Pods/plant (no.) 100 seed weight (gm) Yield (kg per ha) ICPH 3359 166.8 14 320 12.45 1240 ICPH 3461 142.4 15 250 11.48 1140 ICPH 2470 160.5 13 280 12.12 1210 ICPH 2671 157.3 13 270 10.95 1090 Asha (check) 135.6 16 265 11.72 1170 ICPH 3762 135.2 15 257 10.82 1080 ICPH 2673 166.0 16 280 8.93 890 ICPH 3494 158.0 19 170 11.24 1120 Maruti (check) 155.0 12 200 9.92 990 ICPH 3472 149.0 14 160 10.97 1090 The seed production manual and pamphlets are published and distributed to farmers, village level workers and extension officials at the time of field days, trainings and meetings in AP and Maharashtra. Electronic and print media was effectively utilized for dissemination of package of practices of pigeonpea production technology, field days, trainings, and exposure visit of farmers at ICRISAT in local newspapers and local radio/TV talks in AP and Maharashtra. During the three year period of the project, a total of 6,421 farmers attended the farmers’ field days/ fairs in AP and Maharashtra. A total of 4,477 small seed packets (7,800 kg) of farmer-preferred varieties were distributed to farmers. Introduction The importance of improving access to quality seed in pigeonpea cannot be overemphasized due to its unique traits. Pigeonpea differs from other two legumes - chickpea and groundnut - in terms of sensitivity to photoperiod (day length) and temperature, and natural out-crossing. The flowering response in pigeonpea is governed by a complex interplay of these two factors (photoperiod and temperature). It is categorized as a quantitative short-day plant and flowering initiates only when nights become longer than 14 hours. This has a potential implication for the seed producers since any delay in planting (from the normal sowing time of June- July) will result in reduced plant height and, therefore, low grain yield. Hence, the planting window available to the pigeonpea farmers is rather narrow. Other important constraint in seed production is the natural out-crossing in pigeonpea. It is one of the few legumes where natural out-crossing could be as high as 70%. This leads to rapid genetic deterioration of the seed quality in farmers’ fields. In order to avoid genetic contamination, pigeonpea needs a minimum of 300 m isolation distance. This poses a serious challenge in seed production, since in the target districts during the rainy season pigeonpea is extensively cultivated by farmers. Progress of Phase 1 197
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Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
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TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
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Seed Production and Delivery System
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Enhancing Pigeonpea Productivity an
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NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
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TL II was implemented in 10 target
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country governments in agricultural
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Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
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Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
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As stated earlier in this chapter,
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Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
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Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
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Project background Groundnut is one
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Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
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Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
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Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
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Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
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Infrastructure facilities For effic
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Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
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In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
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Training course A total of four tra
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Background The yield of groundnut i
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Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
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In order of importance, the largest
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Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
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Finally, the variety choices are co
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hybridization techniques, design of
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Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
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Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
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Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
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Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
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54 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | T
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The European Union still remains th
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Table 4-2: Proportion of households
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Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
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Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
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The use of other inputs (credit, in
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A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
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Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
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Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
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99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
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Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
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A 10-day intensive training worksho
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Seed production of all classes A to
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Testing seed marketing strategies A
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as Nigeria that will face the great
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100 Million hectares 80 60 40 20 0
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70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 00 03
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In Niger, changes in cowpea product
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irregular rainfall early in the cro
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Table 5-4: Cowpea breeding lines se
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Cowpea varieties released The proje
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Table 5-8: Number of days to flower
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Evaluation for phosphorus-use effic
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Figure 5-8: Reactions of some culti
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ASS6 ASS64 ASS110 ASS56 Figure 5-9:
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Figure 5-10: Meeting of farmers’
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The best approach to spread the imp
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declining soil fertility, increasin
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In Nigeria, the small seed pack app
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112 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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Phase I Social Sciences research in
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The consequences are that the impro
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about half of area share of land al
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Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
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single lingering bottleneck on whic
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In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
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Summary, process gains and people r
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Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
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Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
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Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
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Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
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While the fast track entries were r
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Technology generation Mechanistic s
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60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
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Table 6-22: Yield under drought ind
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Number of degree training students
Page 156 and 157: Number of NARS technicians trained
Page 158 and 159: Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
Page 160 and 161: Impact assessment and enhancement P
Page 162 and 163: Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
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Page 166 and 167: farmers for enhancing their awarene
Page 168 and 169: • Designing, testing and implemen
Page 170 and 171: Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
Page 172 and 173: Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
Page 174 and 175: Constraints in adoption of chickpea
Page 176 and 177: Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
Page 178 and 179: Identification of farmer-and-market
Page 180 and 181: Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
Page 182 and 183: Capacity building Knowledge empower
Page 184 and 185: Table 7-15: Training of local seed
Page 186 and 187: • In addition to yield, maturity
Page 188 and 189: Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
Page 190 and 191: Chickpea seed access The first majo
Page 192 and 193: Grades and standards About 75% of t
Page 194 and 195: Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
Page 196 and 197: private sector lacks the incentive
Page 198 and 199: • LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
Page 200 and 201: • Establishing functional legume
Page 202 and 203: Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
Page 204 and 205: Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
Page 208 and 209: TL II focuses on farmer-participato
Page 210 and 211: Production of Breeder, Foundation,
Page 212 and 213: Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
Page 214 and 215: (Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
Page 216 and 217: Chichewa) and Tanzania (Swahili). O
Page 218 and 219: Available technologies Although imp
Page 220 and 221: and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
Page 222 and 223: Table 10-6: Various classes of qual
Page 224 and 225: Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
Page 226 and 227: Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
Page 228 and 229: Adoption studies Adoption studies f
Page 230 and 231: 3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
Page 232 and 233: Table 11-1: Preferred soybean trait
Page 234 and 235: The up-scaling program signals the
Page 236 and 237: Across districts, TGx 1740-2F out-y
Page 238 and 239: Table 11-9: Communities and famers
Page 240 and 241: Table 11-14 Average performance of
Page 242 and 243: Table 11-15: Release notes of the t
Page 244 and 245: In Nigeria, across locations mean p
Page 246 and 247: Table 11-21: Grain yield (kg per ha
Page 248 and 249: Progress in selection of Bradyrhizo
Page 250 and 251: the major soybean producing localit
Page 252 and 253: Seed Production and Delivery System
Page 254 and 255: Table 11-29: Quantity (MT) of Found
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utilization and marketing. In Niger
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Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
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250 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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