Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat

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While the fast track entries were recovered and cycled through the evaluation scheme, lines selected previously under a parallel project were advanced and are at the point of release. Across four sites including two on-farm sites in the north of Malawi (CHS and BOK), small red seeded lines out-yielded the local check CAL 143 by as much as 50% (Table 6-17). Although not the most preferred type in Malawi, small red beans do appear in local mixtures. The national program is considering the release of SER 83 and SER 45. Table 6-17: Performance of drought resistant bean genotypes on yield and reaction to major diseases obtained from on-station and on-farm sites Identity Reaction to major diseases (scale: 1-9) Grain yield (kg per ha) *Anth Asco Rust CBB BCMV NRC CZ CHS BOK Mean SER 83 1 7 1 1 1 2649 3299 2498 1497 2486 SER 45 2 7 1 1 1 2476 2685 2507 1878 2387 MR 13456 1 7 1 1 2 1312 3275 2469 1513 2142 SER 53 4 6 1 1 1 1791 2326 2855 1463 2109 SER 85 1 7 1 1 1 1120 3194 2093 1636 2011 SER 43 1 7 1 1 2 1358 2500 2211 1863 1983 SXB 405 2 7 1 1 1 1220 3194 1872 1608 1974 SER 79 1 5 1 1 1 1657 3351 1028 1634 1918 BF 13572-5 1 7 1 1 2 1388 2622 1992 1499 1875 BF 13607-9 1 4 1 1 3 1671 2361 1623 1812 1867 TIOCANELA 75 5 7 1 1 2 1658 2865 1598 1233 1839 SER 81 1 5 1 1 1 1620 2691 1655 1255 1805 MR 14215-9 4 7 1 1 1 2014 1979 1873 1317 1796 SER 55 1 5 1 1 1 1378 1958 2190 1400 1732 SER 124 1 4 1 1 1 1414 2049 1979 1429 1718 SER 80 1 7 1 1 2 1423 2378 1454 1564 1705 SER 75 1 4 1 1 1 1702 2431 1618 979 1683 SXB 413 1 4 1 1 3 1591 2448 1450 1097 1647 CAL 143 (Check) 1 6 1 1 2 2454 2535 705 853 1637 SER 78 1 6 1 1 2 1193 2778 741 1690 1601 BF 13607-12 1 5 1 1 3 1818 1510 1422 1368 1530 SER 72 1 7 2 1 1 1651 1858 1010 1507 1507 VTTT925/9-1-2 1 4 1 1 1 2330 2135 1447 1149 1436 VTTT924/19-8-1 1 7 1 1 1 1792 1580 1081 1278 1316 PC652-553/VAX5 3 5 2 1 2 1014 1771 838 813 1109 Mean 2 6 1 1 2 1680 2442 1588 1395 1776 LSD 0.05 1.3 0.9 0.3 1.0 2.0 425.7 469.3 552.5 163.6 CV% 47 9 18 50 90 36 42 32 40 Zimbabwe A total of 1007 lines were first evaluated for adaptation and photosensitive response under irrigation at Harare Research Station in August 2008. Not all lines were adapted, and those that excelled were planted again in two sets, one under water stress and the other under irrigation in February 2009 at Gwebi Variety Testing Centre. However, the crop in the irrigated field was partly grazed by antelopes during the trifoliate stage. Drought in the water stress treatment was not severe as expected since some unexpected rains were received during the early podding stage, but 200 lines were selected under these drought conditions. 136 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
In 2009/10 summer season, the selected 200 lines were sent to farmers for participatory variety selection, to expose genotypes to natural drought conditions and farmer environment, improve efficiency of researcher’s selections, meet standards of variety release and increase chances of variety adoption once released. Most parts of the country received below average rains and persistent dry spells were recorded, giving rise to two types of drought, depending on region/district. One scenario was drought which affected beans at flowering stage (mid season drought) and the other case where late planting was done that favored terminal drought. There was also an extreme scenario where the rains did not even support seed germination in known drought-prone areas like Gutu and Mushagashe in Masvingo province. Of the 200 lines, farmers from different areas managed to select 30 lines. Farmers’ selection criteria were mainly based on varieties resistant to drought since 2009/10 year was a drought year. We managed to receive a few grams/line from farmers since the majority of farmers retained some of the seed. The varieties which were selected by farmers under farmer fields have been reconstituted into one nursery and are currently being bulked up at Harare Research Station to enable on-station trials under drought conditions in the Lowveld during winter 2011. Physiological parameters for drought tolerance will be precisely measured. Multilocation variety evaluation will then follow, with possible release of at least one drought tolerant variety in 2012/13 season. Number of segregating materials generated Segregating populations were developed for selection in CIAT-Colombia, in CIAT research sites in Africa, and in NARS programs. Based on evaluations made in Colombia, elite parental lines were selected for another cycle of crossing with emphasis on beans of the Andean gene pool. Approximately 60 populations were evaluated per year in CIAT-Colombia. Other populations were sent to partners in four of the five participating countries, while in Zimbabwe, the program focused on giving follow up to existing populations (Table 6-18). Additional crosses were made in the Ethiopian program (Table 6-19), and parental materials were delivered to KARI-Kenya to initiate a crossing program there. Table 6-18: Numbers of segregating populations delivered to national program breeders for local selection. Country Number of F2 Populations Other Populations Ethiopia 52 - Kenya 15 48 F4 Malawi 21 59 F4 Tanzania 5 - Zimbabwe - F5 from previous project Table 6-19: Simple crosses made at Melkassa Research Center, EIAR, Ethiopia, for subsequent use in multiple crosses No. Cross No. Cross No. Cross 1 Capsula x Awash-Melka 11 NASIR x SER-128 21 Chore x SAB-713 2 Capsula x SAB-712 12 NASIR x SER-78 22 Chore x MEX-142 3 Capsula x SAB-713 13 Awash-Melka x MEX-142 23 Dimtu x SER-176 4 Capsula x VAX-3 14 Awash-Melka x VAX-3 24 Dimtu x SER-128 5 Capsula x COS-16 15 Awash-1 x MEX-142 25 Dimtu x SER-78 6 NASIR x SER-16 16 Awash-1 x VAX-3 26 Red wolayita x SER-176 7 NASIR x SEA-5 17 Cherchere x MEX-142 27 Red wolayita x SER-128 8 NASIR x BAT-477 18 Cherchere x VAX-3 28 Red wolayita x SER-78 9 NASIR x RAZ-44 19 Cherchere x BAT-477 29 Awash-1 x G 21212 10 NASIR x SER-176 20 Chore x SAB-712 Progress of Phase 1 137
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Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
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TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
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Seed Production and Delivery System
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Enhancing Pigeonpea Productivity an
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NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
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TL II was implemented in 10 target
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country governments in agricultural
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Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
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Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
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As stated earlier in this chapter,
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Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
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Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
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Project background Groundnut is one
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Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
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Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
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Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
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Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
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Infrastructure facilities For effic
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Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
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In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
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Training course A total of four tra
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Background The yield of groundnut i
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Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
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In order of importance, the largest
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Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
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Finally, the variety choices are co
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hybridization techniques, design of
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Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
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Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
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Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
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Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
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54 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | T
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The European Union still remains th
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Table 4-2: Proportion of households
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Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
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Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
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The use of other inputs (credit, in
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A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
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Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
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Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
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99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
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Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
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A 10-day intensive training worksho
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Seed production of all classes A to
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Testing seed marketing strategies A
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as Nigeria that will face the great
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100 Million hectares 80 60 40 20 0
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Page 98 and 99: In Niger, changes in cowpea product
Page 100 and 101: irregular rainfall early in the cro
Page 102 and 103: Table 5-4: Cowpea breeding lines se
Page 104 and 105: Cowpea varieties released The proje
Page 106 and 107: Table 5-8: Number of days to flower
Page 108 and 109: Evaluation for phosphorus-use effic
Page 110 and 111: Figure 5-8: Reactions of some culti
Page 112 and 113: ASS6 ASS64 ASS110 ASS56 Figure 5-9:
Page 114 and 115: Figure 5-10: Meeting of farmers’
Page 116 and 117: The best approach to spread the imp
Page 118 and 119: declining soil fertility, increasin
Page 120 and 121: In Nigeria, the small seed pack app
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Page 124 and 125: Phase I Social Sciences research in
Page 126 and 127: The consequences are that the impro
Page 128 and 129: about half of area share of land al
Page 130 and 131: Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
Page 132 and 133: single lingering bottleneck on whic
Page 134 and 135: In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
Page 136 and 137: Summary, process gains and people r
Page 138 and 139: Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
Page 140 and 141: Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
Page 142 and 143: Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
Page 144 and 145: Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
Page 148 and 149: Technology generation Mechanistic s
Page 150 and 151: 60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
Page 152 and 153: Table 6-22: Yield under drought ind
Page 154 and 155: Number of degree training students
Page 156 and 157: Number of NARS technicians trained
Page 158 and 159: Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
Page 160 and 161: Impact assessment and enhancement P
Page 162 and 163: Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
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Page 166 and 167: farmers for enhancing their awarene
Page 168 and 169: • Designing, testing and implemen
Page 170 and 171: Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
Page 172 and 173: Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
Page 174 and 175: Constraints in adoption of chickpea
Page 176 and 177: Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
Page 178 and 179: Identification of farmer-and-market
Page 180 and 181: Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
Page 182 and 183: Capacity building Knowledge empower
Page 184 and 185: Table 7-15: Training of local seed
Page 186 and 187: • In addition to yield, maturity
Page 188 and 189: Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
Page 190 and 191: Chickpea seed access The first majo
Page 192 and 193: Grades and standards About 75% of t
Page 194 and 195: Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
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private sector lacks the incentive
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• LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
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• Establishing functional legume
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Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
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Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
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Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
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TL II focuses on farmer-participato
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Production of Breeder, Foundation,
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Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
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(Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
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Chichewa) and Tanzania (Swahili). O
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Available technologies Although imp
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and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
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Table 10-6: Various classes of qual
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Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
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Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
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Adoption studies Adoption studies f
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3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
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Table 11-1: Preferred soybean trait
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The up-scaling program signals the
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Across districts, TGx 1740-2F out-y
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Table 11-9: Communities and famers
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Table 11-14 Average performance of
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Table 11-15: Release notes of the t
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In Nigeria, across locations mean p
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Table 11-21: Grain yield (kg per ha
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Progress in selection of Bradyrhizo
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the major soybean producing localit
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Seed Production and Delivery System
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Table 11-29: Quantity (MT) of Found
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utilization and marketing. In Niger
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Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
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250 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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