Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat
Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat
Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat
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Table 6-6: TL II common bean seed systems: partners engaged, by country<br />
Country NARS Specialized Seed Producers GOs<br />
-NGOs<br />
Kenya<br />
Ethiopia<br />
Seed production<br />
KARI-Katumani<br />
KARI- Kisii<br />
KARI-Njoro<br />
EIAR<br />
SARI<br />
ARARI<br />
AREKA<br />
Haramaya University<br />
Hawassa University<br />
Leldet<br />
Dryl<strong>and</strong><br />
Lambwe Seed Growers<br />
Ethiopian Seed Enterprise<br />
Dawro + Shebedino<br />
MAP Private Cooperative<br />
ELFORA Agro-Industry Ltd<br />
Haile Waqo Private Seed Farm<br />
FO-CBOs- Faithbased<br />
groups<br />
Grain<br />
traders<br />
23 12 2<br />
46 19 4<br />
Seed production <strong>of</strong> various types <strong>of</strong> seed was monitored throughout the project cycle. NARS kept careful<br />
records <strong>of</strong> initial foundation/certified seed produced <strong>and</strong> distributed to partners, while select partners<br />
in decentralized zones kept records <strong>of</strong> farmer multipliers, farmers receiving seed, <strong>and</strong> multiplication<br />
rates by region. Monitoring with individual farmers also provided data on how the individual harvest<br />
was used (e.g. whether eaten, stored, saved as seed, exchanged, <strong>and</strong> sold as seed or grain). Table 6-7<br />
shows the overall seed multiplied <strong>and</strong> compares it with the original milestones set. Annex 6-2 (parts (a)<br />
<strong>and</strong> (b)) shows in more detail how the calculations for decentralized seed multiplication were made,<br />
along with the guiding assumptions, using the example <strong>of</strong> Ethiopia. (Note that the assumptions, that is,<br />
process variables based on actual field data, are different for Kenya).<br />
Table 6-7: TL II common bean seed systems: seed production (MT) in Phase 1<br />
Country Foundation/Certified seed production Decentralized seed production<br />
Target Actual* Target Actual**<br />
Kenya 35.00 34.02 740.00 1,249.90<br />
Ethiopia 93.00 174.50 1,130.00 7,779.90<br />
Total 128.00 208.50 1,870.00 9,029.80<br />
*More partners added; **Includes seed in small packs<br />
Going more in-depth on the seed production process, in Kenya, monitoring <strong>of</strong> seed multipliers between<br />
2008 <strong>and</strong> 2009 showed that between 61.1% <strong>and</strong> 80.3% <strong>of</strong> the seed producers were women (no<br />
comparable figures are available for Ethiopia) <strong>and</strong> that even small-scale seed producers are able to<br />
reserve between 42% <strong>and</strong> 46% <strong>of</strong> their harvest for use (<strong>and</strong> sale as seed specifically). Varietal diversity<br />
was also being encouraged in seed production efforts: in Kenya four varieties were diffused for droughtprone<br />
zones; in Ethiopia, the figure was 10 varieties (including food <strong>and</strong> export-canning types).<br />
Seed delivery mechanisms: small packs <strong>and</strong> seed loans<br />
Small packs<br />
The use <strong>of</strong> small packs is based on the field insights that farmers want access to new varieties, <strong>and</strong> that<br />
some also are willing to pay for certified seed per se. Seed simply has to be marketed in affordable<br />
sizes, in places which are easily accessible to farmers, <strong>and</strong> from vendors that farmers trust (or who may<br />
be held accountable to buyers). Available M+E data show that 81,654 packs were sold across the two<br />
countries (with this count representing the minimum packs sold, as a number <strong>of</strong> partners did not report<br />
back specific sales figures).<br />
Progress <strong>of</strong> Phase 1<br />
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