Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat

Table 4-2: Proportion of households net-sellers, net-buyers and in autarky of agricultural products
Country /
Product
Non-program sites Program sites Total
Net-buyer Net-seller Net-buyer Net-seller Net-buyer Net-seller
Mali
Cowpea 0.00 10.91 0.00 7.14 0.00 8.38
Fonio 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.89 0.00 0.60
Groundnut 5.45 43.64 10.71 46.43 8.98 45.51
Legume haulm 1.82 3.64 0.00 0.00 0.60 1.20
Maize 3.64 7.27 9.82 6.25 7.78 6.59
Pearl millet 0.00 1.82 6.25 3.57 4.19 2.99
Rice 29.09 3.64 30.36 0.89 29.94 1.80
Sorghum 34.55 14.55 42.86 6.25 40.12 8.98
Niger
Cassava 4.03 0.67 7.14 0.95 5.85 0.84
Cowpea 2.01 32.21 6.19 18.10 4.46 23.96
Groundnut 1.34 71.81 0.00 84.76 0.56 79.39
Legume haulm 0.67 6.04 2.86 5.24 1.95 5.57
Maize 32.89 0.67 43.81 0.95 39.28 0.84
Pearl millet 50.34 7.38 35.71 6.67 41.78 6.96
Rice 2.68 0.00 2.86 0.00 2.79 0.00
Sorghum 14.77 2.01 5.24 0.48 9.19 1.11
Nigeria
Cowpea 30.00 2.00 34.27 10.11 32.73 7.19
Groundnut 60.00 0.00 78.09 5.06 71.58 3.24
Maize 2.00 22.00 21.35 14.61 14.39 17.27
Pearl millet 15.00 10.00 30.90 6.18 25.18 7.55
Rice 4.00 4.00 11.80 20.22 8.99 14.39
Sesame 10.00 1.00 17.42 1.12 14.75 1.08
Sorghum 12.00 4.00 33.15 11.80 25.54 8.99
Sorrel 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.00 0.35 0.00
Soybean 2.00 1.00 7.30 2.25 5.40 1.80
Modern groundnut variety uptake in surveyed sites is estimated to be less than 5% except in the Dosso
region in Niger, where this is estimated at 14% of groundnut area planted. Survey results showed that
about 40% of groundnut area is planted with the variety 47-10 in Mali. In Niger 47% of area is planted
with the variety 55-437 and in Nigeria the variety ex-Dakar i.e. 55-437 is planted on 41% of groundnut
area. These are ruling varieties introduced at colonial times in the 1950s.
The area covered by modern varieties bred or adapted less than 30 years ago is small. In Mali, modern
groundnut varieties (ICGV 86124, JL 24, ICGV 86015, ICG (FDRS)4 and ICG(FDRS) 10 and Fleur
11) Waliyartiga, introduced during the Groundnut Germplasm Project (GGP) in 1996 and promoted
during the Groundnut Seed Project have not yet being largely taken up by farmers and are planted on
about 3% of groundnut area. In Niger, in the Dosso region, several varieties were introduced during
the GGP project and promoted during the GSP project including TS 32-1, RRB, etc have been adopted
with 14% of area planted mostly with RRB.
In Nigeria, similar trends are observed. Improved varieties bred, adapted and introduced (SAMNUT 21,
SAMNUT 22 and SAMNUT 23) during the last 30 years are adopted in less than 6% of groundnut area.
No significant differences were found between program and non-program sites. The major constraints
to using improved varieties have been reported by farmers to be the non-availability of seed for 83%
in Mali, 60% in Niger and 56% in Nigeria. Lack of cash was cited as a major constraint in Niger and
Nigeria. Low grain and haulm yields, lack of information on crop management, fitness in association,
and undesirable color were also cited as the major constraints in Nigeria (Table 4-3).
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Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project