Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat

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99511 (Table 4-12). Most important these varieties are early to medium maturing (110-115 days sowing to maturity) and are resistant to the groundnut rosette disease that is prevalent in these locations. Table 4-12: Mean performance (kg per ha) of new selected lines at three locations in Niger Tarna Magaria Bengou Yield advantage Variety/Line 2008 2009 2010 2010 2010 Mean over check (%) ICGV 86063 363 965 400 321 1458 701 15 ICGV-SM 99502 758 960 718 708 1042 837 37 ICGV-SM 99510 907 707 691 375 1668 870 42 ICGV-SM 99511 1592 529 241 333 792 697 14 ICGV 9346 (check) 186 986 169 458 1250 610 100 Nigeria In 2008, IAR received F 8- F 12 74 rosette disease resistant lines as observation nurseries (2 rows, 4 m long, non-replicated) grouped into early, medium and late maturing).. Additionally, five breeding nurseries consisting of 104 progenies derived from F6/F7 populations with enhanced resistance to the groundnut rosette diseases and the vector aphid were supplied for local evaluation and selection of promising material. From these initial nurseries, selected lines were evaluated on station in 2009 to increase seed for multi-location trials in 2010 crop season. One hundred and two breeding lines were evaluated in 22 multi-location trials in 7 states (Table 4-13). Table 4-13: Number of trait-specific entries entered into national multi-location variety trials in 2010 Trait Number of entries Locations State Confectionary 12 Bauchi Bebeji Zaria Rosette Resistant Lines Trial 16 Bauchi Yauri Malam-Madori Zaria Rosette + aphid resistant Lines Trial 21 Azare Fakai Zaria Rosette + fresh seed dormancy Lines Trials 14 Samaru-Kataf Arewa Zaria Advanced rosette resistant Lines Trials 18 Birnin- Kudu Danbata Matazu Maigana Zaria Rosette resistant lines 21 Maiyama Wanke Zango Zaria Bauchi Kano Kaduna Bauchi Kebbi Jigawa Kaduna Bauchi Kebbi Kaduna Kaduna Kebbi Kaduna Jigawa Kano Katsina Kaduna Kaduna Kebbi Zamfara Katsina Kaduna ICRISAT: To maintain a flow of new breeding lines, a series of trait-specific preliminary and advanced performance trials were also conducted by ICRISAT scientists in Mali and Niger. A list of these trials is presented in Table 4-14. 72 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
Table 4-14 Trait-specific breeding nurseries conducted at ICRISAT locations in Mali and Niger, 2008-2010 Trait Number of entries Number of replications 2008 Advanced Short duration trial 16 3 Advanced drought tolerant trial 16 3 Advanced medium maturity 16 3 Advanced aflatoxin trial 16 3 Advanced foliar disease resistant trial 16 3 Preliminary foliar disease resistant trial 49 3 2009 Advanced Drought tolerant 16 3 Advanced Medium maturity 16 3 Advanced Early maturity 16 3 Advanced Aflatoxin tolerant 16 3 Preliminary rosette + aphid resistance 49 3 Preliminary Aphid resistant 54 3 Preliminary foliar disease + aphids 81 3 Preliminary Rosette + seed dormancy 49 3 Preliminary rosette resistance 201 2 2010 Advanced Aphid resistant 36 3 Advanced Aphid resistant + rosette 36 3 Advanced rosette + seed dormancy 36 3 Advanced Rosette resistant 49 3 Advanced foliar disease resistance + aphids 63 3 Foliar disease resistant 16 3 Advanced Aflatoxin contamination 64 3 Aflatoxin management Aflatoxin contamination of groundnut has gained global significance due to the deleterious effects on human and animal health. It also affects the competitiveness of groundnut in the international market. Studies have shown that the use of tolerant varieties in combination with agronomic practices can minimize aflatoxin risks in groundnut products. The objective is to identify productive varieties that are tolerant. In the 2008 crop season, 15 breeding lines along with the local controls were evaluated in replicated trials for yield and aflatoxin contamination at ICRISAT in Mali. Pod yields varied between 523 kg to 2794 kg per ha (Table 4-15). The highest yielding varieties were ICGV 93305 (2.8 MT/ha), ICGV 94379 (2.7 MT per ha) and recorded the aflatoxin content comparable to the resistant check. In 2010, 61advanced breeding lines selected for tolerance to aflatoxin contamination were evaluated in replicated trials in Mali and Niger. Additionally, 32 inter-specific derivatives were also evaluated for yield potential as well as aflatoxin contamination at Samanko. The results in all locations (stations and farmers’ fields) showed that 4 groundnuts advanced breeding lines ICGV 91324 (0.5 ppb), ICGV 91283 (0.7 ppb), ICGV 91317 (0.7 ppb) and ICGV 93305 (0.9 ppb) were more resistant than the resistant check 55-437 (1.3 ppb). Also these 4 lines were high-yielding (2 MT per ha) breeding lines. Among the interspecific derivatives 19 were resistant to aflatoxin contamination in both locations (Mali and Niger) with aflatoxin contents varying from 0.2 ppb to 2.9 ppb. Among these 19, three interspecific derivatives; 4366-4 (0.15 ppb), 4897-17 (0.15 ppb) and 4655-2 (0.3 ppb) were more resistant than the resistant check 55-437 (0.6 ppb). The high yielding lines that are resistant aflatoxin contamination will play a major role in the integrated management of the problem. The next step is to make them available to farmers through PVS. Progress of Phase 1 73
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Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
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TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
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Seed Production and Delivery System
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Enhancing Pigeonpea Productivity an
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NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
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TL II was implemented in 10 target
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country governments in agricultural
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Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
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Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
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As stated earlier in this chapter,
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Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
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Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
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Project background Groundnut is one
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Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
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Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
Page 32 and 33: Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
Page 34 and 35: Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
Page 36 and 37: Infrastructure facilities For effic
Page 38 and 39: Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
Page 40 and 41: In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
Page 42 and 43: Training course A total of four tra
Page 44 and 45: Background The yield of groundnut i
Page 46 and 47: Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
Page 48 and 49: In order of importance, the largest
Page 50 and 51: Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
Page 52 and 53: Finally, the variety choices are co
Page 54 and 55: hybridization techniques, design of
Page 56 and 57: Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
Page 58 and 59: Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
Page 60 and 61: Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
Page 62 and 63: Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
Page 64 and 65: 54 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | T
Page 66 and 67: The European Union still remains th
Page 68 and 69: Table 4-2: Proportion of households
Page 70 and 71: Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
Page 72 and 73: Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
Page 74 and 75: The use of other inputs (credit, in
Page 76 and 77: A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
Page 78 and 79: Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
Page 80 and 81: Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
Page 84 and 85: Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
Page 86 and 87: A 10-day intensive training worksho
Page 88 and 89: Seed production of all classes A to
Page 90 and 91: Testing seed marketing strategies A
Page 92 and 93: as Nigeria that will face the great
Page 94 and 95: 100 Million hectares 80 60 40 20 0
Page 96 and 97: 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 00 03
Page 98 and 99: In Niger, changes in cowpea product
Page 100 and 101: irregular rainfall early in the cro
Page 102 and 103: Table 5-4: Cowpea breeding lines se
Page 104 and 105: Cowpea varieties released The proje
Page 106 and 107: Table 5-8: Number of days to flower
Page 108 and 109: Evaluation for phosphorus-use effic
Page 110 and 111: Figure 5-8: Reactions of some culti
Page 112 and 113: ASS6 ASS64 ASS110 ASS56 Figure 5-9:
Page 114 and 115: Figure 5-10: Meeting of farmers’
Page 116 and 117: The best approach to spread the imp
Page 118 and 119: declining soil fertility, increasin
Page 120 and 121: In Nigeria, the small seed pack app
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Page 124 and 125: Phase I Social Sciences research in
Page 126 and 127: The consequences are that the impro
Page 128 and 129: about half of area share of land al
Page 130 and 131: Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
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single lingering bottleneck on whic
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In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
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Summary, process gains and people r
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Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
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Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
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Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
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Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
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While the fast track entries were r
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Technology generation Mechanistic s
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60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
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Table 6-22: Yield under drought ind
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Number of degree training students
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Number of NARS technicians trained
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Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
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Impact assessment and enhancement P
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Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
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154 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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farmers for enhancing their awarene
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• Designing, testing and implemen
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Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
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Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
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Constraints in adoption of chickpea
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Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
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Identification of farmer-and-market
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Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
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Capacity building Knowledge empower
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Table 7-15: Training of local seed
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• In addition to yield, maturity
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Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
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Chickpea seed access The first majo
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Grades and standards About 75% of t
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Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
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private sector lacks the incentive
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• LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
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• Establishing functional legume
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Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
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Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
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Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
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TL II focuses on farmer-participato
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Production of Breeder, Foundation,
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Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
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(Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
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Chichewa) and Tanzania (Swahili). O
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Available technologies Although imp
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and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
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Table 10-6: Various classes of qual
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Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
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Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
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Adoption studies Adoption studies f
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3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
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Table 11-1: Preferred soybean trait
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The up-scaling program signals the
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Across districts, TGx 1740-2F out-y
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Table 11-9: Communities and famers
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Table 11-14 Average performance of
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Table 11-15: Release notes of the t
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In Nigeria, across locations mean p
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Table 11-21: Grain yield (kg per ha
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Progress in selection of Bradyrhizo
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the major soybean producing localit
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Seed Production and Delivery System
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Table 11-29: Quantity (MT) of Found
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utilization and marketing. In Niger
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Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
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250 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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