Four Seasons of Learning and Engaging Smallholder Farmers - icrisat

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Chichewa) and Tanzania (Swahili). One participant each from Malawi and Tanzania made a visit to ICRISAT-Patancheru and familiarized with pigeonpea breeding, seed production, crop management, including hybrid pigeonpea. Under degree training, Ms. Mayomba Maryanna Maryange from Tanzania is working on pigeonpea improvement for her PhD. Introduction In ESA, pigeonpea is widely grown in Tanzania, Malawi, Kenya, Uganda and Mozambique, and to a little extent in Burundi under maize-mixed (66% area) and root-crop-sorghum/millet mixed (29%). Area and production during the last decade increased by 45.3% and 50.3%, respectively; however, productivity gains are just 3.2% only (Table 10-1). In Tanzania, the area and production are increased almost 150% over the period of decade. The productivity changes are very minimal and erratic at a national level, however the average productivity reached almost 1 MT per ha in Northern Tanzania, wherein adoption of high yielding varieties are at higher level. In Tanzania, over 50% of the farmers in Babati district adopted new varieties (ICEAP 00040 – Mali and ICEAP 00053) and production area expanded beyond the traditional Babati district to reach the neighboring districts of Karatu, Kondoa and Mbulu. There is expansion now to new districts of Arumeru, Hai and Rombo in northern Tanzania. In Malawi, area, production and productivity increased at the rate of 29.1%, 88% and 46%, respectively, during the last decade. The release of a new set of medium duration varieties in Malawi (ICEAP 00557 and ICEAP 01514/15) that are suitable to grow in Southern, Central and Northern regions of Malawi opened up avenues for area expansion. Table 10-1: Area, production and productivity trends Year Area (000 Ha) Production (000 MT) Productivity (Kg per Ha) ESA 1 2001-03 515.9 356.6 692 2004-06 733.0 448.4 611 2007 768.9 541.9 705 2008 809.5 522.2 645 2009 750.9 535.9 714 Tanzania 2 2001-03 65.9 49.4 750 2004-06 155.6 112.2 719 2007 164.2 123.2 750 2008 165.0 132.0 800 2009 168.0 126.0 750 Malawi 1 2001-03 141.0 109.4 776 2004-06 148.2 96.0 651 2007 161.5 159.4 987 2008 167.8 149.9 893 2009 182.0 206.0 1132 1 = data source FAO and 2 = FAO data supplemented with data from Statistics Unit-Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives Locations and partners During the phase project activities were implemented in Tanzania and Malawi. A detailed account of same is presented in Tables 10-2a and 10-2b. Phase 2 also involves Uganda with major focus on Kitgum and Lira districts of Northern zone. 206 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
Table 10-2a: Target locations and partners in Tanzania Country NARS Partner Zone Region District Scientists Tanzania SARI- Arusha; Northern Manyara Babati Stephen Lyimo, Joseph Mligo, Rose IARI- Kilosa Arusha Karatu Ubwe, Frank Mbando Eastern Morogoro Kilosa Table 10-2b: Target locations and partners in Malawi Country NARS Partner Region District Extension Planning Area(EPA) Scientists Malawi DARS- Southern Mwanza Mwanza, Thambani Kananji GAD, Lilongwe Balaka Mpilisi, Rivi-Rivi Nyirenda E, Blantyre Lunzu, Chileka Maideni F W Zomba Dzaone Machinga Nyambi Central Mchinji Chiosya, Mikundi Kasungu Kaluluma, Chulu Ntchisi Chikwatula Salima Chipopka, Chinguluwe Ntcheu Manjawira Northern Mzimba Manyamula, Euthini, Mpherembe, Bwengu Karonga Lupembe, Mpata Rumphi Bolero Chitipa Lufita Socio-Economics/Targeting Baseline data collected during Phase 1 in Malawi and Tanzania provided very valuable information on several aspects of pigeonpea value-chain on production, seed systems and marketing. Summarized accounts of are presented below. Pigeonpea producing areas and production systems The bulk of pigeonpea production is concentrated in the southern region of Malawi. The Blantyre and Machinga ADDs accounted for about 90% of the total pigeonpea area. Pigeonpea is widely grown as an intercrop with maize in southern Malawi, but it is mainly grown as a boundary marker in northern Malawi. In Tanzania, the major pigeonpea growing areas are Lindi and Mtwara regions in the southern zone; Kilimanjaro, Arusha, and Manyara regions in the northern zone; and Shinyanga Region in the Lake Zone. It is also grown along the coast, Dar es Salaam, Tanga and in Morogoro regions in the Eastern Zone, where it is used mainly as vegetable. Cropping patterns In Malawi, over 90% of the households planted maize in the 2006/2007. Groundnut is the second most frequently cultivated crop (55%), while pigeonpea comes third and it is cultivated by 40% of the households in the sample. When it comes to the share of crop area, that 54% of the cultivated land is allocated to maize, while groundnuts and pigeonpea are allocated 17% and 15% of the total cultivated land, respectively. The average area cultivated for pigeonpea is 0.3 ha. In Tanzania, pigeonpea is the third most important legume, after common bean and groundnut. Pigeonpea is grown by 88% of the farmers in the target areas and the average planted area is about1.36 ha, mainly through intercropping with maize. Progress of Phase 1 207
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Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
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TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
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Seed Production and Delivery System
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Enhancing Pigeonpea Productivity an
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NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
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TL II was implemented in 10 target
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country governments in agricultural
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Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
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Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
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As stated earlier in this chapter,
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Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
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Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
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Project background Groundnut is one
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Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
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Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
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Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
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Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
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Infrastructure facilities For effic
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Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
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In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
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Training course A total of four tra
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Background The yield of groundnut i
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Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
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In order of importance, the largest
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Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
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Finally, the variety choices are co
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hybridization techniques, design of
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Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
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Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
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Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
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Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
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54 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | T
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The European Union still remains th
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Table 4-2: Proportion of households
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Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
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Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
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The use of other inputs (credit, in
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A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
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Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
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Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
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99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
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Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
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A 10-day intensive training worksho
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Seed production of all classes A to
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Testing seed marketing strategies A
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as Nigeria that will face the great
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100 Million hectares 80 60 40 20 0
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70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 00 03
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In Niger, changes in cowpea product
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irregular rainfall early in the cro
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Table 5-4: Cowpea breeding lines se
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Cowpea varieties released The proje
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Table 5-8: Number of days to flower
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Evaluation for phosphorus-use effic
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Figure 5-8: Reactions of some culti
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ASS6 ASS64 ASS110 ASS56 Figure 5-9:
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Figure 5-10: Meeting of farmers’
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The best approach to spread the imp
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declining soil fertility, increasin
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In Nigeria, the small seed pack app
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112 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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Phase I Social Sciences research in
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The consequences are that the impro
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about half of area share of land al
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Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
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single lingering bottleneck on whic
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In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
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Summary, process gains and people r
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Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
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Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
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Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
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Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
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While the fast track entries were r
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Technology generation Mechanistic s
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60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
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Table 6-22: Yield under drought ind
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Number of degree training students
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Number of NARS technicians trained
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Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
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Impact assessment and enhancement P
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Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
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154 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
Page 166 and 167: farmers for enhancing their awarene
Page 168 and 169: • Designing, testing and implemen
Page 170 and 171: Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
Page 172 and 173: Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
Page 174 and 175: Constraints in adoption of chickpea
Page 176 and 177: Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
Page 178 and 179: Identification of farmer-and-market
Page 180 and 181: Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
Page 182 and 183: Capacity building Knowledge empower
Page 184 and 185: Table 7-15: Training of local seed
Page 186 and 187: • In addition to yield, maturity
Page 188 and 189: Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
Page 190 and 191: Chickpea seed access The first majo
Page 192 and 193: Grades and standards About 75% of t
Page 194 and 195: Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
Page 196 and 197: private sector lacks the incentive
Page 198 and 199: • LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
Page 200 and 201: • Establishing functional legume
Page 202 and 203: Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
Page 204 and 205: Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
Page 206 and 207: Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
Page 208 and 209: TL II focuses on farmer-participato
Page 210 and 211: Production of Breeder, Foundation,
Page 212 and 213: Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
Page 214 and 215: (Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
Page 218 and 219: Available technologies Although imp
Page 220 and 221: and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
Page 222 and 223: Table 10-6: Various classes of qual
Page 224 and 225: Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
Page 226 and 227: Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
Page 228 and 229: Adoption studies Adoption studies f
Page 230 and 231: 3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
Page 232 and 233: Table 11-1: Preferred soybean trait
Page 234 and 235: The up-scaling program signals the
Page 236 and 237: Across districts, TGx 1740-2F out-y
Page 238 and 239: Table 11-9: Communities and famers
Page 240 and 241: Table 11-14 Average performance of
Page 242 and 243: Table 11-15: Release notes of the t
Page 244 and 245: In Nigeria, across locations mean p
Page 246 and 247: Table 11-21: Grain yield (kg per ha
Page 248 and 249: Progress in selection of Bradyrhizo
Page 250 and 251: the major soybean producing localit
Page 252 and 253: Seed Production and Delivery System
Page 254 and 255: Table 11-29: Quantity (MT) of Found
Page 256 and 257: utilization and marketing. In Niger
Page 258 and 259: Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
Page 260: 250 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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