Routledge History of Philosophy Volume IV

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284 RENAISSANCE AND SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY RATIONALISM 74 E I P32C1, E I P33 and 33S1. 75 E I A6, E II D4. 76 cf. J.J.McIntosh, ‘Spinoza’s Epistemological Views’, in G.N.A.Vesey (ed.) Reason and Reality, Royal Institute of Philosophy Lectures, vol. 5 (1970–1) (London, Macmillan, 1972), p. 38; also G.H.R.Parkinson, ‘“Truth is its Own Standard”. Aspects of Spinoza’s Theory of Truth’, in Shahan and Biro [8.40], 42–5. 77 In the Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione (G ii, 10–12), Spinoza recognizes four kinds of knowledge, the first two of which correspond to the first of the three kinds recognized in the Ethics. The Short Treatise recognizes three kinds only, but the account that it offers of these is sketchy. 78 Spinoza also counts as an example of the first kind of knowledge what he calls ‘knowledge from signs’ (E II P40S2; cf. E II P18S). This raises interesting questions concerning Spinoza’s views about language, which I have discussed in my ‘Language and Knowledge in Spinoza’, reprinted in Grene [8.33], 73–100. 79 It is not clear how Spinoza would have attempted to justify his view that induction is a kind of knowledge. 80 E II P38–9, P40 and S2; cf. E V P36S. 81 This is in fact a literal translation of the Greek term ‘koinai ennoai’, used by Euclid to refer to the axioms of his system. 82 cf. Aristotle, Topics, I 5, 102 a18–19. On ‘essence’ in Spinoza, cf. p. 282. 83 E I P33S2. 84 E II P41. 85 E V P31 and S. 86 E V P36S. 87 See also TDIE, G ii, 12, and KV II.1, G i, 54–5. 88 For this conversation, see Descartes’ Conversation with Burman, ed. and trans. J.G.Cottingham (Oxford, Clarendon, 1976), esp. p. 4 (also CSM iii, 333). 89 Burman’s record of the conversation remained in manuscript until 1896. In principle, Spinoza could have had access to the manuscript, but there is no evidence that he had any contact with Burman, or with the Cartesian philosopher Clauberg, who also contributed to the manuscript. 90 The reference is probably to E I P15, mentioned in E V P36S. It could perhaps be to E I P25, but this itself involves a reference to E I P15. 91 This doctrine, and the related doctrine of the eternity of the human mind, has been severely criticized. See, for example, Bennett [8.28], 357–63, 369–75; Delahunty [8.30], 279–305; Martha Kneale, ‘Eternity and Sempiternity’, in Grene [8.33], 227– 40. A more sympathetic account is given by Joachim [8.35], 230–3, 298–309. BIBLIOGRAPHY Original language editions 8.1 Gebhardt, C. (ed.) Spinoza, Opera, Heidelberg, Winter, 4 vols, 1924–8. 8.2 van Vloten, J. and Land, J.P.N. (eds) Benedicti de Spinoza Opera quotquot reperta sunt, The Hague, Nijhoff, 1st edn, 2 vols, 1882–3; 2nd edn, 3 vols, 1895; 3rd edn, 4 vols, 1914.
SPINOZA: METAPHYSICS AND KNOWLEDGE 285 English translations Complete and selected works 8.3 The Chief Works of Benedict de Spinoza, trans. R.H.M.Elwes, London, Bell, 2 vols, 1883–4; reprinted, New York, Dover Publications, 1955. 8.4 The Collected Works of Spinoza, trans. E.Curley, Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, vol. 1, 1985. 8.5 The Ethics and Selected Letters, trans. S.Shirley, Indianapolis, Ind., Hackett, 1982. 8.6 Spinoza, the Political Works. The Tractatus theologico-politicus in part and the Tractatus politicus in full, trans. A.G.Wernham, Oxford, Clarendon, 1958. Separate works 8.7 The Correspondence of Spinoza, trans. A.Wolf, London, Allen & Unwin, 1928. 8.8 Ethic: from the Latin of Benedict de Spinoza, trans. W.Hale White and Amelia Stirling, London, Fisher Unwin, 1894. 8.9 Ethics, trans. A.Boyle, revised G.H.R.Parkinson, London, Dent, 1989. 8.10 On the Improvement of the Understanding, trans. J.Katz, New York, Liberal Arts Press, 1958. 8.11 The Principles of Descartes’ Philosophy, trans. H.H.Britan, La Salle, Ill., Open Court, 1905. 8.12 Spinoza’s Short Treatise on God, Man and his Well-being, trans. A.Wolf, London, Black, 1910. 8.13 Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, trans. S.Shirley, Leiden, Brill, 1989. Bibliographies and concordances Bibliographies 8.14 Boucher, W.I. Spinoza in English: A Bibliography from the Seventeenth Century to the Present, Leiden, Brill, 1991. 8.15 Oko, A.S. The Spinoza Bibliography, Boston, Mass., Hall, 1964. (An exhaustive bibliography of Spinoza literature up to 1940.) 8.16 Préposiet, J. Bibliographie spinoziste, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 1973. 8.17 van der Werf, T. A Spinoza Bibliography, 1971–83, Leiden, Brill, 1984. 8.18 Wetlesen, J. A Spinoza Bibliography, 1940–70, Oslo, Universitetsvorlaget, 1971. Concordances 8.19 Boscherini, E.G. Lexicon Spinozanum, The Hague, Nijhoff, 2 vols, 1970. 8.20 Gueret, M., Robinet, A. and Tombeur, P. Spinoza, Ethica. Concordances, Index, Listes de fréquences, Tables comparatives, Louvain-la-Neuve, CETEDOC, 1977.
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v 1. Philosophy, Renaissance. 2. Ph
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vii Glossary 389 Index of names 407
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98 SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS UP TO DE
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100 SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS UP TO D
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CHAPTER 4 Francis Bacon and man’s
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CHAPTER 5 Descartes: methodology St
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354 LEIBNIZ: TRUTH, KNOWLEDGE AND M
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390 GLOSSARY attribute: Averroism:
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392 GLOSSARY compositio: a Latin ve
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394 GLOSSARY disposition: double as
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396 GLOSSARY gnoseology: habitus: H
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398 GLOSSARY induction, eliminative
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400 GLOSSARY modus tollens: monad:
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402 GLOSSARY Organon: pantheism: pa
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404 GLOSSARY Remonstrants: resoluti
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406 GLOSSARY truth, double: truth,
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408 INDEX OF NAMES Ceredi, Giuseppe
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410 INDEX OF NAMES Plato 6, 20, 29,
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412 INDEX OF SUBJECTS cogito ergo s
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414 INDEX OF SUBJECTS civil 264, 33
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416 INDEX OF SUBJECTS Descartes’
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