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hard working weekend with PHP on a machine God knows where it is’’, i.e, Platform is as a Service [17]. D. A computer scientist’s view Scientists investigate cloud computing into “We are not programming a single machine, rather the World Wide Computer’’. It means infrastructure is as a Service E. An economist’s view Economically, “The most interesting thing about the cloud computing is not the technology, but the new evolving social standards and business models, and the ramifications of egalitarianism on a global scale’’. Everything he thinks is as a Service. Based on our understanding of the essence of what Clouds are promising to be, we propose that Cloud computing is a usage model in which resources are deliveries and, it means to provide resources, such as hardware, software and applications as scalable and "ondemand" services via public network in a multi-tenant environment. The providing resource network is called ‘Cloud’. All resources in the ‘Cloud’ are used whenever as utility and scalable infinitely. Ⅲ. THREE LAYERS OF CLOUD COMPUTING Cloud computing is generally related to three different levels as follows. A. Software as a Service: SAAS Software as a Service delivers special-purpose software which is remotely accessible by consumers via the Internet with a usage-based pricing model. Salesforce Customer Relationships Management (CRM) system [7] and Google Apps [8] are two examples of SaaS. Moreover, Microsoft’s Live Mesh allows files and folders to be shared, and synchronized across multiple devices. B. Platform as a Service: PAAS Platform as a Service provides a high-level integrated environment to design, build, test, deploy and update online custom applications. A typical example is Google’s App Engine [9], which enables customers to build Web applications on the same scalable systems which power Google applications. Another example is SalesForce Apex language that allows the developers of the cloud applications to design, along with their applications' logic, their page layout, workflow, and customer reports. In this respect, a Hadoop [11] deployment on the cloud would be considered a cloud software environment, as it provides its applications' developers with a programming environment, i.e. map reduce framework for the cloud. Similarly, Yahoo's Pig [12], a high-level language to enable processing of very large files on the hadoop environment, may be viewed as an open-source implementation of the cloud platform layer. C. Infrastructure as a Service: IAAS Infrastructure as a Service offers hardware, software, and equipments which are mostly at the unified resource layer or part of the fabric layer, to deliver software application environments with a resource usage-based pricing model. Infrastructure can scale up and down dynamically based on application resource needs. Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2 [13]), and Enomalism elastic computing infrastructure [14] are arguably the two most popular examples of commercial systems available in this cloud category. In this space, there are also several academic open-source cloud projects, such as Eucalyptus [15]. Some examples of data storage systems are: distributed file systems (e.g., GFS), replicated relational databases (RDBMS) and key-value stores. RDBMS, for example opt to present a stricter consistency model at the cost of the availability of the data, while key-value stores have placed more importance on the availability of the data while relaxing the consistency model for the storage. Although user interface to the cloud infrastructure components varies substantially from one system to another, SOAP and REST are two examples of interface protocols used with some cloud computational resources. Ⅳ. SOME CLOUD COMPUTING PLATFORMS Industry analysts have made bullish projections on how Cloud computing will transform the entire computing industry. A. Microsoft’s Windows Azure platform Microsoft’s Windows Azure platform is a group of cloud technologies, each providing a specific set of services to application developers. This platform can be used both by applications running in the cloud and by applications running on local systems [1]. It contains the following components and is shown in Figure 1. • Windows Azure: A Windows-based environment for running applications in Microsoft data centers. • SQL Azure: SQL Server based data services. • .NET Services: Distributed infrastructure services to cloud-based and local applications. Figure 1. The Windows Azure platform 1) WINDOWS AZURE Windows Azure runs on a large number of machines, all located in Microsoft data centers and accessible via the Internet. A common Windows Azure fabric knits this plethora of processing power into a unified whole. Windows Azure compute and storage services are built on top of this fabric. 2) SQL AZURE 162
SQL Azure will eventually include a range of dataoriented capabilities, including reporting, data analytics, and others, the first SQL Azure components to appear are SQL Azure Database and “Huron”Data Sync. • SQL Azure Database: Unlike the Windows Azure storage service, SQL Azure Database is built on Microsoft SQL Server. • “Huron” Data Sync: “Huron” Data Sync. technology synchronizes relational data across various on-premises DBMSs. The owners of that data can determine what should be synchronized, how conflicts should be handled, and more. 3) .NET SERVICES .NET Services provides cloud-based infrastructure services that can be used by either on-premises applications or cloud applications. It includes Access Control and Service Bus. Service Bus provides a mechanism to manage Web services exposed by applications. B. Amazon Web Services for Cloud Competing Amazon Web Services (AWS) for Cloud Competing provides a highly scalable cloud computing platform which is high availability and dependability, and the flexibility to enable customers to build a wide range of applications [16]. Amazon Web Services for Cloud Competing contains the following components. 1) Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) shown in Figure 2 is a web service that enables customers to launch and manage Linux/UNIX/Windows server instances in the data centers of Amazon. Figure 2. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Amazon EC2 provides the following major features: a) Resource delivered as AMI (Amazon Machine Image). b) Compute instance. c) Explicit access control 2) Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) Amazon S3 enables people to upload, store, and download data via the Internet. The data can be used in conjunction with other AWS services, e.g. EC2, Amazon Import/Export, and Amazon Elastic MapReduce. The features of Amazon S3 are listed as follows. a) Flat object storage model with key. b) Bucket as object container. c) Establish connection. d) Create bucket. e) Upload file. f) Standards-based Interfaces: REST and SOAP with URL for each object. 3) Amazon Simple Queue Service ( SQS) SQS is a distributed queue that enables web service applications to queue messages quickly and reliably that one component in the application can be consumed by another component. The below describes the major features of Amazon SQS. a) Redundant infrastructure. b) Multiple writers and readers. c) Configurable settings per queue. d) Variable message size. e) Unlimited queues and messages. f) Access control. 4) Amazon SimpleDB (SDB) Amazon SimpleDB is also a web service for running queries in real time on structured data. This service works in conjunction with Amazon S3 and Amazon EC2, providing collectively the ability to process, store and query data in the cloud. Amazon SimpleDB is designed to provide the following major features. a) Simple to use. b) Flexible. c) Scalable. d) Fast. e) Reliable. f) Works with other Amazon Web Services. g) Inexpensive. 5) Amazon Flexible Payment Service Amazon Flexible Payments Service is designed for developers in the form of the first payments service and it allows develop highly customized payment solutions for kinds of businesses. Amazon FPS service is extensive so that its functionality is divided into five Quick Start implementations below. a) Amazon FPS Basic Quick Start b) Amazon FPS Marketplace Quick Start c) Amazon FPS Advanced Quick Start d) Amazon FPS Aggregated Payments Quick Start e) Amazon FPS Account Management Quick Start 6) Amazon DevPay You may get paid for products that you build on either Amazon EC2 or the Amazon S3 through Amazon DevPay which is a bill and account management service. Amazon DevPay designs the order pipeline, billing and account system for you. C. Google Cloud 1) Google Engine Other than supporting the Python standard library, Google App Engine also supports Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) for the datastore, Google 163
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Proceedings The Second Internationa
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Table of Contents Message from the
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Zuming Xiao, Zhan Guo, Bin Tan, and
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Message from the Symposium Chairs T
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Second International Symposium on N
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ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
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model that can deal with time serie
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ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
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training for the Wushu competition
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ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
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information, called weak uncertain
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Student side Student side Student s
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If we define element of student as
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QoS, each frame data is divided int
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for Imaging Two and Three Phase Flo
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A. Profiling&following control algo
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Research and Realization about Conv
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PDF document structure is a tree st
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support 10 Mb / s. But ENC28J60 onl
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condition the first byte output of
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According to maximum membership deg
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ubber according to the mass ratio o
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Ⅲ. AN IMPROVED DNA ALGORITHM FOR
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Ⅴ.CONCLUSION REMARKS DNA computer
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its first child q 1 on the left, th
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chains can greatly improve efficien
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II. RELATED WORK A. Mobile Service
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special services. SOAP is used to b
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detection methods of DDoS attacks m
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Step4 calculate the new subordinate
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Figure 1. An analysis of the partit
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ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
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The preceding three formulas can be
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And the decay speed of buffer seque
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distance of view point. Given that
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Ⅳ. EVALUATION OF BLENDED LEARNING
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symmetric with respect to the origi
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each sample belongs to each categor
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A. Data Preparing To generate our t
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oth α and β . determination of Qu
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Strong earthquake 0.1< M L
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indirect causes, and the logical re
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egression. Granger causality test i
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Page 137 and 138: Figure 9. (a)the original image.(b)
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Page 141 and 142: In order to reduce to the number of
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Page 191 and 192: ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work is funded
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evocation and the fourth group stor
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focused mainly on rule-based forms
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Ⅵ. CONCLUSION Figure 6. The Flask
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EDCF in comparison with DCF, has so
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B. Simulation results and analysis
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in routing table. When search resou
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others through the selective emotio
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such as weather information, techno
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the opening window, a related page
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1) Process context storage areas. I
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V. CONCLUSION In this thesis, sCPU-
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main types of horizontal search env
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Enterprise Portal security provides
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() t = [ S () t S () t ] T N S ,...
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[2] Kumaravel, N., and Kavitha, V.,
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output, so BP network has been wide
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input to the artificial neural netw
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(2) In a process (tokens from outsi
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The reduction process consists of t
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all eight normal vectors are identi
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is B object , and the number of emp
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xi, j y' = εα ( (1 + tanh( )) −
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Error 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000
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Architecture (AMBA) a new bus archi
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In order to ensure the smooth proce
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In this paper, we adopt two Sobel o
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four layers.The far right of the gr
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TABLE II. OPERATIONAL EMPLOYEE TABL
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A. Object-relational Type To audit
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to execution time. Also, DBA would
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Liping Chen .......................
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