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On ENC28J60 Embedded Ethernet Controller for the remote control within local area network has played a very good role, while the embedded device small, easy to install and operate. In the future work, also can be widely used in other industrial control applications. REFERENCES [1] Microchip Technology Inc. ENC28J60 Stand Alone Ethernet Controllerwith SPI Interface[EB/OL ]. [2004 - 10 - 20].http: //www. microchip. com. [2] RAJENDRA Y, PRASHANT P, RAPHAEL F. A reservation-based CSMA protocol for integrated manufacturing net-works[J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybemetics,1994,24 8 :1247 - 1258. [3] PC/104 Embedded Consortium. PC/104 Specification Version 2. 5[M]. San Francisco: PC/104 Embedded Consortium,2003. [4] Yang Jian, Song Zhanwei,“R&D of Embedded Web-based Bridge and Monitoring Unit ”, [5] Shengwei,W;JunIong,X. Integrating Building Management System and facilities management on the Internet[J].Automation in Construction,2002,11(6):707- 715. [6] Microchip,Technology,Inc.ENC28J60 Data Sheet.2006: 38
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Networking and Network Security (ISNNS ’10) Jinggangshan, P. R. China, 2-4, April. 2010, pp. 039-042 Security Research on WEP of WLAN Peisong Ye 1 , and Guangxue Yue 2 1 College of Mathematics and Information engineering, JiaXing University, ZheJiang JiaXing, China Email: yepeisong@sina.com 2 College of Mathematics and Information engineering, JiaXing University, ZheJiang JiaXing, China Email: guangxueyue@163.com Abstract—Wires Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is used to improve the security of wireless LAN (WLAN). By analyzing the weaknesses of WEP and RC4, we design a simulative platform including software and hardware to crack WEP keys. The results show that the WLAN based on WEP is insecure. At last we give some improvements to enhance the WLAN security. Index Terms—WLAN, Security, 802.11, WEP, RC4 I. INTRODUCTION Because of the convenience of Wireless LAN (WLAN), it develops quickly. But the security of the WLAN becomes more important at the same time. Compared to wire LAN hacker can break into WLAN more easily because wireless data with electromagnetic wave are transmitted on air. Although WLAN 802.11b protocol provides some security mechanisms, they have some weaknesses and hacker can attack WLAN easily by making use of these weaknesses. In section II we briefly introduce some basic concepts, system structure, some basic security knowledge of WLAN and some methods of attacking WLAN used by hackers. The security mechanism of WLAN 802.11b protocol includes: Service Set Identifier Association (SSID Association), MAC filtering and Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP). Attacking methods include: SSID spoofing, MAC spoofing and authentication spoofing of WEP. In section Ⅲ we analyze the weaknesses of WEP and RC4 algorithm. In section Ⅳ we crack the WEP key by making use of the weakness of WEP. And we also design a scenario of cracking WEP key by using this weakness. In section Ⅴ we introduce some methods of WLAN security enhancement. These methods including: WEP improvement, Message Integrity Check and 802.1X/EAP. II. THE SUMMARIZATION OF WLAN SECURITY A. Basic Concepts of WLAN WLAN is the outcome of combining computer net and wireless communication. WLAN expands the wired LAN. The mobility of connection is the most merit of WLAN, and it also overcomes the restriction of wires. Users can acquire information anywhere at any moment in the WLAN environment. The range of WLAN is about 10 to 100 meters. It typically uses Spread Spectrum modulation technologies. © 2010 ACADEMY PUBLISHER AP-PROC-CS-10CN006 39 There are two forms of SS (Spread Spectrum) schemes: FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) and DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum). There are two types of WLAN: infrastructure network and Ad-hoc network. Infrastructure network needs an AP (Access Point), which is used as a bridge between clients and wired LAN. Ad-hoc network is comprised of some coordinative clients, which communicate with each other. We will discuss infrastructure network in this paper. IEEE 802.11[1] is WLAN’s standard protocol. Its scope is limited to physical and MAC layer. There are 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g protocols. 802.11b protocol is used most widely now. The bandwidth of 802.11b’s physical layer is 2.4G Hz. It uses DSSS technology and its speed is 11Mb/s. B. Basic Knowledge of WLAN Security WLAN’s data are transmitted in the air in the form of electromagnetic wave, so its security is more important. 802.11b provides some security mechanisms: Service Set Identifier Association (SSID Association), MAC filtering and Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)[2]. AP will allow a client access the net if the client provides a right and same SSID with AP. If the client’ SSID is different with the AP’ SSID, the AP will refuse the client to use the net. So the SSID can be seen as a simple password for providing an authentication mechanism. It can provide some security. The mean of MAC filtering is that the administrator maintains a list of MAC addresses which some of them are admitted to the WLAN and others are not. This method can filter the physical address. WEP is used to protect the data in WLAN. WEP uses RSA’s RC4 symmetry encryption algorithm to encrypt the data. Another function of WEP is also to prevent unauthorized access to WLAN. Although 802.11b provides three security mechanisms, they are insecure. In the next section we will discuss that how hackers attack the WLAN by making use of these mechanisms. C. Methods of Attacking WLAN Reconnaissance is the first thing hackers have to do before attacking the WLAN. Hackers drive around in a car equipped with wireless gears looking for unsecured WLAN to break in. They have to prepare some equipment to finish this work. For example: Laptop or PDA, 802.11b wireless card, antenna, GPS receiver and vehicle.
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each sample belongs to each categor
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A. Data Preparing To generate our t
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oth α and β . determination of Qu
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Strong earthquake 0.1< M L
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indirect causes, and the logical re
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egression. Granger causality test i
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B. Evaluation We have evaluated thi
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used as a source and neighboring ce
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Figure 3. Drainage networks generat
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Combinational logic unit failures i
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Tabal.1 Combinational fault logic t
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under the endorsement of both the m
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TABLE I. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSITION
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Figure 2. The process of the invers
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Figure 9. (a)the original image.(b)
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In order to reduce to the number of
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that studying being going to be to
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Reference[10] analyzed the evolutio
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module, communication module, apper
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After the comprehensive performance
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system testing can be seen that the
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III. AUTONOMIC RESOURCE ALLOCATION
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The QoE i (T i ) is the ith user’
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nodes will be formed one cluster, t
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Where n is the number of data point
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Keyboard event Application User mod
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SQL Azure will eventually include a
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The nodes in the suffix tree are dr
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[3] Y. Li, S. M. Chung, and J. D. H
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some drilling fluid produces hydrog
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"normalization", whose membership b
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and minimum structural elements in
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esults of the spatial transform par
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B. Research on protocol actions Com
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work is funded
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A. Problem Description In a small b
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[4] Huang, Hung, and J. Y. jen Hsu.
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Further by calculating, the followi
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TABLE II. THE CONCENTRATION BETWEEN
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private key that obtained by using
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ontology, and the domain dictionary
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Eq.4 is NP-hard and can be solved b
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Where: G i is the selection field o
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If there is X j in a generation, wh
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Theorem 2.4([10]). Let L 1 and L 2
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The relation between the lattice im
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Figure 2. Example of single-step de
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evocation and the fourth group stor
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focused mainly on rule-based forms
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Ⅵ. CONCLUSION Figure 6. The Flask
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EDCF in comparison with DCF, has so
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B. Simulation results and analysis
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in routing table. When search resou
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others through the selective emotio
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such as weather information, techno
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the opening window, a related page
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1) Process context storage areas. I
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V. CONCLUSION In this thesis, sCPU-
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main types of horizontal search env
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Enterprise Portal security provides
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[2] Kumaravel, N., and Kavitha, V.,
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output, so BP network has been wide
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input to the artificial neural netw
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(2) In a process (tokens from outsi
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The reduction process consists of t
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Architecture (AMBA) a new bus archi
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In order to ensure the smooth proce
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In this paper, we adopt two Sobel o
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four layers.The far right of the gr
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TABLE II. OPERATIONAL EMPLOYEE TABL
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A. Object-relational Type To audit
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to execution time. Also, DBA would
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Liping Chen .......................
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