Download - Academy Publisher

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Further so ⎛ σ (1) ⎞ 1 > ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ σ ( n) ⎠ 1 more ⎛ σ (1) ⎞ > ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ σ ( n) ⎠ 2 ⎛ σ (1) ⎞ > ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ σ ( n) ⎠ 3 σ (1) , 0 < < 1 σ ( n) > ....... > 0 , namely ~ σ would be more close to 1 if the value of t becomes bigger. 2) When {()} x k is monotone decreasing about k , then the class ratio of each point x( k − 1) , and letσ ( 1) = max{ σ ( k )} ≥ 1 , then, σ ( k ) = ≥ 1 x( k ) ~ t t σ ( n) − σ (1) ⎛ σ ( n) n n n n t ⎟ ⎞ σ = σ ( ) + (1 − σ ( )) = σ ( ) + (1 − σ ( )) 1 − ⎜ σ (1) ⎝ σ (1) ⎠ Further more σ ( n ) , 0 < < 1 σ (1) so 1 ⎛ σ ( n ) ⎞ 1 > ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ σ (1) ⎠ 2 ⎛ σ ( n) ⎞ > ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ σ (1) ⎠ 3 ⎛ σ ( n) ⎞ > ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ σ (1) ⎠ > ....... > 0 t . , namely ~ σ would be more close to 1 if the value of t becomes bigger. End. IV. EXAMPLE ANALYSIS Take the data which is the industrial total output value of a certain city in reference [6] as an example. Select the industrial total output value of a certain city in 1997- 2004 as the primary data,X=(187.85,303.79,394.13,498.27,580.43,640.21,702 .34,708.86)(Unit: Hundred million Yuan). Take the data of 1997-2003 as the modeling data, and the data of 2004 as the inspection data.From the primary data, we can find that the average annual growth rate of the industrial total output value is 26.06% in 1997-2003years. Generally speaking that it is impossible to maintain such growth rate for a long time. So if we forecast with this data, the result is difficult to believe. Through analyzing this situation, we can find that because nation has given this city some special industrial policies, thus the industry of this city to obtain a very good development turning point. But after 20 years, when the city's industry strength is quite strong, the country will cancel the special policy. So from now on, it is already impossible to maintain the development speed as the same as before. In order to make a reasonable forecast to development trend of this city's industrial total output value, we can use weakening buffer operator to eliminate the disturbance from the special industrial policies on the later period industry economy system development speed, and then enhance the forecast precision of mode. In addition, we can establish model on original sequence directly by weakening class ratio modeling method. Let us obtain model GM (1, 1) by weakening class ratio modeling method and obtain model GM (1, 1) by using the weakening buffer operator in reference [4] to preprocess original data at first before establish model GM (1, 1) respectively . Next table 1 demonstrates the comparison among the prediction precision of three kinds of models, the three kinds of models are as follows: Establish model GM (1, Prediction Error %1 1)based on the primary data without any data pretreatment; Establishing model GM (1, 1) based on the primary data after being made the second-order weakening treatments by the weakening buffer operators in reference [4];And establishing model GM (1, 1)based on the primary data by weakening class ratio modeling method which let t = 2,3,4, 5 respectively(the model abbrevd respectively: Mod1、Mod2、Mod3、Mod4). TABLE1 THE PREDICTION PRECISION COMPARISON AMONG THE No operator AWBO operator GAWBO operator Mod1 Mod2 Mod3 Mod4 19.9 % 1.96 % 2.50 % 3.28% 1.89% 0.97 % 0.35% ABOVE THREE KINDS OF MODEL Note: The models GM (1, 1) based on no operator and buffer operator in reference[4] are both original model GM (1, 1) We can see from Table 1, If we do not deal with the primary data by any means, establish GM(1,1) model based on the primary data directly, then the prediction error reaches as high as 19.9%;After making the secondorder weakening treatments on the primary data by the weakening buffer operators AWBO and GAWBO in reference [4], the model prediction precision has been enhanced greatly; And prediction precision of the model GM (1, 1) established by weakening class ratio modeling method is also improved effectively, the prediction error can be smaller than 1%. V. CONCLUSION The weakening class ratio modeling method introduced by this paper is practical and effective, and it can be used on the non-steady primitive sequence which has non-homogeneous grey index law directly. It has simple calculation process, and does not involve some grey system technical terms such as background value, grey derivative, whitenization differential equation, and it dose not involve some mathematical problem such as solving inverse matrix etc. The weakening class ratio modeling method both extends the application scope of the class ratio modeling method, and avoids the tedious data pretreatment process effectively while improving prediction precision of model GM (1, 1). REFERENCES [1] Liu Sifeng Deng Julong. The Range Suitable for GM(1,1) [J] System theory project and practice.2000(5):121-124 [2] Wang Yinao Pang Yangjun. Class ratio modeling method of single consequence in grey system [J] Hebei coal architectural engineering institute journal 1992(3):51-54 [3] Liu Sifeng. Forecast Trap of Impact Perturbation System and the Buffer Operator [J] The academic journal of Huazhong University of Technology, 1997,25 (1) 25-27 [4] Dang Yaoguo, Liu Sifeng, Liu Bin, Study on the Weakening Buffer Operator [J] China management science 2004,12 (2): 108-111 [5] Xie Naiming, Liu Sifeng,.The Nature of the Strengthing Buffer Operator and the Structure of the Structure of Certain Practical Strengthening Buffer Operators.[J] Statistics and the Decision-making 2006 (4) 9-10. [6] China Bureau of Statistics, China Statistical Yearbook[Z] Beijing: China Statistics Press, 1997-2005 76
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Networking and Network Security (ISNNS ’10) Jinggangshan, P. R. China, 2-4, April. 2010, pp. 077-080 Research and Implementation the Real Time Rendering and Integration Of Vector Data with 3D Terrain Meiyu Zhang 1 , Yu Li 2 , and Qi Hu 2 1 Computer science and technology College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China Email: zmy@zjut.edu.cn 2 Computer science and technology College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China Email:popliyu@gmail.com, 278927305@qq.com Abstract—In 3D scene, introducing the Vector Data, will be enable 3D Terrain with spatial analysis capabilities, And vector data can make up for deficiencies in the performance of 3D terrain data. This paper focuses on the integration, real-time rendering of 2D vector data and 3D terrain. Texture-based means is used to implement vector data mapping in 3D terrain, which can basically meet the requirements of real-time rendering of 3D terrain and the vector data are well display in 3D terrain. Index Terms—Vector data; 3D terrain; Integration; Realtime rendering I. INTRODUCTION Currently 2D GIS information system has developed well, but because the GIS information system has instructiveness in performance the geographic information. It is required for the geographical information gradually increasing, with the emergence of 2D GIS, people are more inclined to use 3d GIS, since the current 3D geographical information development is still not mature, the standard 3D data structure has not come up, presently the display of 3D GIS mainly through DEM. So there is lack of spatial analysis capabilities. In the case of immature of 3D GIS development, people prefer using a hybrid data structure, even though, the use of twodimensional vector data and three-dimensional DEM data to construct three-dimensional mixed geographic information system, which makes the system has a strong spatial analysis capabilities, and performance of 3D GIS is better. Using the hybrid data structure, a question need to take consider, which is that how to make the 2D vector data 3D geographic information data integrate effectively. In this paper the main work is Researching on this technology, and solves the problem very well. II. KEY TECHNOLOGY IN 3D TERRAIN VISUALIZATION A. Terrain Simplification Technique Because the data of terrain is massive and the restrict of current display hardware conditions, it is impossible to render such a large triangle in interactive speed. Therefore, the simplification of geometric model and the representation of multi-resolution has become hot .the simplification of digital terrain can speed up the rendering in virtual environments, which make 3D realtime visualization possible. The pyramid is a multi-resolution hierarchical model, it also can be said that the pyramid is a continuousresolution model, but when building the pyramid, it is difficult to make the resolution continuous change. Usually the method is to build several resolution levels. From the bottom of the pyramid to the top, the resolution get lower and lower, the model become more and more rough, however, indicated the same scope. A formula can be used to represent the resolution of different levels, as in (1). Suppose magnification of m, the original resolution of terrain data r 0 , and then the first n-layer resolution of terrain data r n . Layer 0 Layer 1 Layer 2 r r m n n = 0 × . (1) Which magnification ‘m’ is an integer greater than 1. Fig. 1 is the pyramid model of hierarchical structure diagram. Expressed a 3-tier pyramid structure, which is each 2x2 points to synthesize a point of the front level. And the four points present the same region with the front of point level, under such case, the resolution in first level is twice of the zero-level. And so does the second and the first. By building the pyramid model, different resolution topographic data can be provided for the terrain visualization system. In the terrain scene rendering, in order to ensure the accuracy of the scene showed , in the same time, to accelerate the rendering speed, the scene in different locations require different resolution geometric model of the terrain data and image texture data. But the terrain geometry and image texture pyramid can directly Figure 1. The hierarchical structure of pyramid model © 2010 ACADEMY PUBLISHER AP-PROC-CS-10CN006 77
Page 1 and 2:
Proceedings The Second Internationa
Page 3 and 4:
Table of Contents Message from the
Page 5 and 6:
Zuming Xiao, Zhan Guo, Bin Tan, and
Page 7 and 8:
Message from the Symposium Chairs T
Page 9 and 10:
Second International Symposium on N
Page 11 and 12:
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 13 and 14:
model that can deal with time serie
Page 15 and 16:
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 17 and 18:
training for the Wushu competition
Page 19 and 20:
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 21 and 22:
information, called weak uncertain
Page 23 and 24:
Student side Student side Student s
Page 25 and 26:
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 27 and 28:
If we define element of student as
Page 29 and 30:
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 31 and 32:
QoS, each frame data is divided int
Page 33 and 34:
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 35 and 36: for Imaging Two and Three Phase Flo
Page 37 and 38: ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 39 and 40: A. Profiling&following control algo
Page 41 and 42: Research and Realization about Conv
Page 43 and 44: PDF document structure is a tree st
Page 47 and 48: support 10 Mb / s. But ENC28J60 onl
Page 51 and 52: condition the first byte output of
Page 55 and 56: According to maximum membership deg
Page 59 and 60: ubber according to the mass ratio o
Page 61 and 62: Ⅲ. AN IMPROVED DNA ALGORITHM FOR
Page 63 and 64: Ⅴ.CONCLUSION REMARKS DNA computer
Page 65 and 66: its first child q 1 on the left, th
Page 67 and 68: chains can greatly improve efficien
Page 69 and 70: II. RELATED WORK A. Mobile Service
Page 71 and 72: special services. SOAP is used to b
Page 73 and 74: detection methods of DDoS attacks m
Page 75 and 76: Step4 calculate the new subordinate
Page 77 and 78: Figure 1. An analysis of the partit
Page 81 and 82: The preceding three formulas can be
Page 85: And the decay speed of buffer seque
Page 89 and 90: distance of view point. Given that
Page 93 and 94: Ⅳ. EVALUATION OF BLENDED LEARNING
Page 97 and 98: symmetric with respect to the origi
Page 101 and 102: each sample belongs to each categor
Page 105 and 106: A. Data Preparing To generate our t
Page 109 and 110: oth α and β . determination of Qu
Page 113 and 114: Strong earthquake 0.1< M L
Page 117 and 118: indirect causes, and the logical re
Page 119 and 120: egression. Granger causality test i
Page 121 and 122: B. Evaluation We have evaluated thi
Page 123 and 124: used as a source and neighboring ce
Page 125 and 126: Figure 3. Drainage networks generat
Page 127 and 128: Combinational logic unit failures i
Page 129 and 130: Tabal.1 Combinational fault logic t
Page 131 and 132: under the endorsement of both the m
Page 133 and 134: TABLE I. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSITION
Page 135 and 136: Figure 2. The process of the invers
Page 137 and 138:
Figure 9. (a)the original image.(b)
Page 139 and 140:
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 141 and 142:
In order to reduce to the number of
Page 143 and 144:
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 145 and 146:
that studying being going to be to
Page 147 and 148:
Reference[10] analyzed the evolutio
Page 149 and 150:
module, communication module, apper
Page 151 and 152:
After the comprehensive performance
Page 153 and 154:
system testing can be seen that the
Page 155 and 156:
III. AUTONOMIC RESOURCE ALLOCATION
Page 157 and 158:
The QoE i (T i ) is the ith user’
Page 159 and 160:
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 161 and 162:
nodes will be formed one cluster, t
Page 163 and 164:
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 165 and 166:
Where n is the number of data point
Page 167 and 168:
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 169 and 170:
Keyboard event Application User mod
Page 171 and 172:
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 173 and 174:
SQL Azure will eventually include a
Page 175 and 176:
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 177 and 178:
The nodes in the suffix tree are dr
Page 179 and 180:
[3] Y. Li, S. M. Chung, and J. D. H
Page 181 and 182:
some drilling fluid produces hydrog
Page 183 and 184:
"normalization", whose membership b
Page 185 and 186:
and minimum structural elements in
Page 187 and 188:
esults of the spatial transform par
Page 189 and 190:
B. Research on protocol actions Com
Page 191 and 192:
ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work is funded
Page 193 and 194:
A. Problem Description In a small b
Page 195 and 196:
[4] Huang, Hung, and J. Y. jen Hsu.
Page 197 and 198:
Further by calculating, the followi
Page 199 and 200:
TABLE II. THE CONCENTRATION BETWEEN
Page 201 and 202:
private key that obtained by using
Page 203 and 204:
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 205 and 206:
ontology, and the domain dictionary
Page 207 and 208:
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 209 and 210:
Eq.4 is NP-hard and can be solved b
Page 211 and 212:
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 213 and 214:
Where: G i is the selection field o
Page 215 and 216:
If there is X j in a generation, wh
Page 217 and 218:
Theorem 2.4([10]). Let L 1 and L 2
Page 219 and 220:
The relation between the lattice im
Page 221 and 222:
Figure 2. Example of single-step de
Page 223 and 224:
evocation and the fourth group stor
Page 225 and 226:
focused mainly on rule-based forms
Page 227 and 228:
Ⅵ. CONCLUSION Figure 6. The Flask
Page 229 and 230:
EDCF in comparison with DCF, has so
Page 231 and 232:
B. Simulation results and analysis
Page 233 and 234:
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 235 and 236:
in routing table. When search resou
Page 237 and 238:
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 239 and 240:
others through the selective emotio
Page 241 and 242:
such as weather information, techno
Page 243 and 244:
the opening window, a related page
Page 245 and 246:
1) Process context storage areas. I
Page 247 and 248:
V. CONCLUSION In this thesis, sCPU-
Page 249 and 250:
main types of horizontal search env
Page 251 and 252:
Enterprise Portal security provides
Page 253 and 254:
() t = [ S () t S () t ] T N S ,...
Page 255 and 256:
[2] Kumaravel, N., and Kavitha, V.,
Page 257 and 258:
output, so BP network has been wide
Page 259 and 260:
input to the artificial neural netw
Page 261 and 262:
(2) In a process (tokens from outsi
Page 263 and 264:
The reduction process consists of t
Page 265 and 266:
all eight normal vectors are identi
Page 267 and 268:
is B object , and the number of emp
Page 269 and 270:
xi, j y' = εα ( (1 + tanh( )) −
Page 271 and 272:
Error 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000
Page 273 and 274:
Architecture (AMBA) a new bus archi
Page 275 and 276:
In order to ensure the smooth proce
Page 277 and 278:
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 279 and 280:
In this paper, we adopt two Sobel o
Page 281 and 282:
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 283 and 284:
four layers.The far right of the gr
Page 285 and 286:
ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proc
Page 287 and 288:
TABLE II. OPERATIONAL EMPLOYEE TABL
Page 289 and 290:
A. Object-relational Type To audit
Page 291 and 292:
to execution time. Also, DBA would
Page 293 and 294:
Liping Chen .......................
show all

Download - Academy Publisher

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?