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main types of horizontal search environment: web search
and desktop search (though the areas overlap, and
systems may address these scenarios as well).
The major challenge faced by Enterprise search is the
need to index data and documents from a variety of
sources such as: file systems, intranets, document
management systems, e-mail, and databases and then
present a consolidated list of relevance ranked resources
from these various sources. In addition, many
applications require the integration of structured data as
part of the search criteria and when presenting results
back to the users. And of course access controls are vital
if users are to be restricted to data and documents which
they are granted access by the various document
repositories within the enterprise. These major challenges
are unique to enterprise search.
C. Internet versus enterprise search
The internet and enterprise domains differ
fundamentally, such as contents, user behavior and
economic motivations.
• The notion of a "good" answer: Internet search is
vaguely defined Relevant and Popular. Enterprise search
is “right” answered Specific documents.
• Social forces behind the creation of Internet and
intranet contents: Internet is created for attracting and
holding the attention of any specific group of users, and
the collective voice of many authors who are free to
publish content. Intranet is created for disseminating
information. There is no incentive for content creation,
and all users may not have permission to publish content.
• Security and copy rights: Internet includes public
domain, and the user has copy rights. Enterprise: access
privileges, and usually, the corporation has the copy
rights.
• Deployment environments: Internet is controlled by
one organization as a service. Enterprise: licensed to and
deployed by a variety of organizations in diverse
environments.
III. SECURITY REQUIREMENTS AND INFRASTRUCTURE OF
TWO SEARCHES
On the public World Wide Web, there's not much of a
connection between security and search. You may have
logins for certain web sites, and you may use https when
buying something with your credit card, but that doesn't
have much to do with a general search that you might do
on Google or Yahoo. Yes, a few subscription sites limit
what non-subscribers can see, or may require an account
to read the full text of a document [7].
Enterprise security can be heavily tied to search. In
larger organizations, your company login may be used to
restrict which documents you can see in the search results
list. Access control, usually in the form of an Access
control list (ACL), is often required to restrict access to
documents based on individual user identities. There are
many types of access control mechanisms for different
content sources making this a complex task to address
comprehensively in an enterprise search environment.
Generally speaking, the security infrastructure and
protocols tend to be different between the public web and
the enterprise; and when security is needed in search, the
search engine must integrate with the available security
infrastructure and protocols. The Internet and Intranet
both use SSL and HTTPS.
But on private networks, Single Sign On (SSO), LDAP
and Active Directory are still the norm. A search
application that cares about security will likely be using
those protocols. A few enterprise apps still use the older
"application level security"; search engine applications
can do likewise. We haven't seen the distributed identity
assurance model taking root in corporations yet, they still
seem to prefer a tightly controlled central resource. One
exception to this apathy is between different government
agencies; they are starting to realize that government
employees frequently need data from other agencies, and
that distributed, cooperative security systems make this
much more efficient, so that government employees don't
have to keep creating new logins for every agency they
visit.
IV. CHARACTERIZING ENTERPRISE SEARCH
The total is well known that there are various
characteristics of the enterprises information. Such as text
content in electronic form, diversity of content sources
and formats, source access, structured and semistructured
search, federated search, content management,
people and behaviors.
Beyond the difference in the kinds of materials being
indexed, enterprise search systems also typically include
functionality that is not associated with the mainstream
web search engines [6]. These include:
• Adapters to index content from a variety of
repositories, such as databases and content management
systems.
• Federated search, which consists of (1) transforming
a query and broadcasting it to a group of disparate
databases or external content sources with the appropriate
syntax, (2) merging the results collected from the
databases, (3) presenting them in a succinct and unified
format with minimal duplication, and (4) providing a
means, performed either automatically or by the portal
user, to sort the merged result set.
• Enterprise bookmarking, collaborative tagging
systems for capturing knowledge about structured and
semi-structured enterprise data.
• Entity extraction that seeks to locate and classify
elements in text into predefined categories such as the
names of persons, organizations, locations, expressions of
times, quantities, monetary values, percentages, etc.
• Faceted search, a technique for accessing a
collection of information represented using a faceted
classification, allowing users to explore by filtering
available information.
• Access control, usually in the form of an Access
control list (ACL), is often required to restrict access to
documents based on individual user identities. There are
many types of access control mechanisms for different
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